Medical Network January 5, China is a country with high incidence of esophageal cancer, the number of cases accounted for 50% of the world, and 90% of the pathological type is squamous cell carcinoma; while the incidence of esophageal cancer in the United States is very low, and the pathological type is mainly adenocarcinoma. What is the difference between the incidence and pathological types of esophageal cancer?
Fudan University Affiliated Tumor Hospital disclosed on the 4th that after six years of research and research, the research group of the Institute of Radiation Therapy, Zhao Xing, found the genetic characteristics and genetic background of patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in China, and found the Asians who led to China for the first time. An important cause of the high risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma is that the "germline mutation" of the NFE2L2 gene is more risky than other races.
According to reports, the research team tried to analyze the genetic material DNA (gene) in human cells from the roots, and then explore the genetic differences between different human esophageal cancers. During the period, the research team “draw†the Chinese esophageal squamous cell carcinoma gene map ; after that, the data in the map was compared with the esophageal squamous cell carcinoma data in the US Cancer and Cancer Gene Map (TCGA, The Cancer Genome Atlas) database. Finally, the “culprit†that caused the difference in the pathogenesis and pathological types of esophageal cancer between two different races was found.
This study found for the first time that the "germline mutations" of the NFE2L2 gene in Asian and other Asian populations were significantly higher, three times that of white Americans. According to Zhao Happy, this NFE2L2 gene protects cells from oxidative damage, thereby reducing the potential risk of canceration; once the gene is mutated, it will weaken the protective function of the cells. Therefore, the high proportion of "germline mutations" makes the risk of oxidative damage in Chinese human cells high, and the risk of canceration increases accordingly.
Hospitals say such new findings make early screening and preventive interventions for esophageal cancer possible. In the view of Professor Zhao, the genetic differences of different ethnic groups can be used to provide a basis for prevention, screening and early diagnosis of esophageal cancer in China. The expert pointed out that prevention and early screening of esophageal cancer would be possible if a population of NFE2L2 germline mutations could be screened in Chinese and preventive interventions were conducted.
In addition, targeted therapeutic drugs with genes as "targets" play an increasingly important role in the treatment of esophageal cancer. Zhao Happy pointed out that if the targeted drugs for NFE2L2 gene can be developed according to the characteristics of gene mutation, it will provide more opportunities for curing such patients with esophageal cancer.
According to reports, the authoritative scientific journal "Nature", "Nature Communications" has published the study online. (Finish)
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