Current Wheat Rape Seedlings and Field Management Ideas
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First, the seedling (a), wheat seedlings:
1. The seedlings are more complicated and polarized. In terms of the number of seedlings, the overall quality of the seedlings increased compared with the previous year. The number of seedlings per acre in the city was 554,200 seedlings, an increase of 190,900 seedlings over the previous year, and the average number of seedlings per plant was 1.29, an increase of 0.37 over the previous year. The area ratio of the first and third types of seedlings is large, and the proportion of the second type of seedlings is small. The area of ​​one type of seedlings (more than 700,000 stems and seedlings) accounted for 33.1%, an increase of 28.8% over the previous year, 785,600 seedlings for Muping stems, 3.1 seedlings per plant, and second seedlings (50 to 700,000 for stem and seedlings). Seedlings accounted for 29.0% of the total area, which was 16.3% less than the previous year. There were 629 thousand seedlings per mu in the Muping area and 1.7 plants per plant. The area of ​​three types of seedlings (below 500,000 in the stem and seedlings) accounted for 37.9%, which was less than the previous year. 12.5% ​​of the seedlings in Müping were 384,000 seedlings, and 0.9 seedlings were planted in each plant, of which 300,000 seedlings accounted for 52.8% of the three seedlings, which was 5.9% less than the previous year. In terms of leaf age of the main stem, the average leaf age was 5.7 leaves, which was an increase of 0.9 leaf over the same period of last year. Among them, the area occupied by seven leaves was 9.8%, an increase of 8.2% over the same period of last year; the area of ​​the six leaves was 24.0%, an increase of 15.1% over the same period; Five-leaf and one-heart area accounted for 31.6%, a year-on-year decrease of 10.9%; four-leaf and one-heart area accounted for 29.9%, a year-on-year decrease of 16.0%; and cloverleaf area accounted for 4.7%, an increase of 3.6%. In terms of the birth process, the jointed area accounted for 38.6%, an increase of 38.6% over the previous year, and the area that reached the level of young panicle differentiation over 4 periods accounted for 63.2%, mainly due to the earlier sowing date (recruited before October 15th) Zheng 9023 .
2, severe cold injury. The city’s frozen area accounted for 42.4%, of which the first-level frost damage (the top blade of the main stem is frozen at the tip) accounted for 22.6%; the second-level frost damage (leaf area of ​​the upper stem was frozen and the tip of the lower blade was frozen) accounted for 31.4. %; three-level frost damage (upper leaves of the main stem frozen to death, the lower leaf area of ​​the leaf area is strongly frozen, the tip of the tiller blade is frozen) area accounted for 34.0%; four levels of freezing damage (main stem and part of the tillers are frozen to death) account for the area 12.0%. In terms of species, weak-spring varieties (Zheng 9023, E-mai series) have more severe freeze damage than semi-winter varieties; in terms of the sowing date, the freeze damage before October 15 is heavier; in terms of the distribution of fields, dry land It is heavier than paddy fields, and leaner than heavy fields. During the survey, it was found that the varieties with main stems that had been spiked were the most severely chilled in this cold, with nearly 80% of the earlets frozen.
(b) Rape seedlings
1, the density is too large. Muping had 29,400 plants, 0.5 million fewer than the basic seedlings, 0.64 million more than the previous year, of which the sowing density was as high as 33,400, an increase of 0.68 thousand over the previous year, and the high yield density of 1.2 to 15,000 seedlings was required. Far, the single plant nutrient area is small, seedling squeezing seedlings, seedlings bullying seedlings serious phenomenon.
2, the overall balance of seedlings. Because the sowing date is relatively concentrated, rapeseed growth is relatively balanced. The average number of green leaves per plant is 10.4, an increase of 1.3 leaves over the previous year, of which more than 12 green leaves account for 24.0%, an increase of 9.6% over the previous year; the number of green leaves is 8-12. Area accounted for 49.7%, an increase of 16.2% over the previous year; the number of green leaves below 8 leaves accounted for 26.3%, a decrease of 25.8% over the previous year.
3, frost damage area is large. The frozen area of ​​rapeseed accounts for 98.7%, of which primary frost damage area accounted for 11.4%, secondary frost damage accounted for 30.6%, three-level frost damage area accounted for 53.1%, and four-level frost damage area accounted for 4.9%.
4, another 8.3% area bolting.
Second, field management views This period of the field tube main attack measures is to freeze seedlings, and promote seedlings to restore growth. Therefore, the following points should be grasped in field management:
1, topdressing wax fertilizer. Wax fertilizers such as farmyard fertilizers for wheat and rapeseed can increase the temperature and prevent freezing, can also supplement the deficiency of base fertilizer and increase the available nutrients in the soil. Topdressing wax fertilizer should be due to seedlings due to field conditions. General fertilizer plots, early seedlings, strong seedlings, appropriate application of soil miscellaneous fertilizer, mud and other coarse fat, wheat can be combined with suppression, control the growth of above ground; thin ground, late seedlings, weak seedlings or early sowing (planting) off fertilizer seedlings, should be more Application of manure such as pig manure and human waste, combined with a small amount of urea (5-10 kg per acre) to promote the transformation of weak seedlings and balanced growth; adequate growth of the bottom and seedlings Can not be applied or not applied, to avoid prolonged spring is not easy to control, resulting in lodging in the late.
2, weeding weeding. Weeding and weeding can eliminate soil compaction, loosen the soil, improve soil permeability, promote soil weathering and microbial activity, and facilitate the release of soil nutrients. It can also increase soil conservation, promote root development and eliminate weed damage, and create good seedlings for cultivating strong seedlings. condition. Grab a deep squat 5-6 cm, and keep it from freezing. For the large group of appetite Wang Miao wheat, should be deep cultivator, cut off part of the root system, control the main stem, large maggots prosperous, promote the death of Oyster, improve the lighting conditions in the field. For seedlings with a density of more than 18,000 strains and seedlings, the weak seedlings, diseased seedlings, and seedlings were used.
3, suppression of soil. When wheat breaks down during winter, it can grind soil to seal joints, sink soil, prevent wind running, keep water, keep fertilizer, keep warm and prevent freezing, prevent winter wang, and strengthen roots and strong seedlings. In early spring, suppression can prevent invalid tillers from happening, prompting the death of young crickets. , To promote the big panicles into the panicle, improve the panicle and uniformity, can make the stalk base internode shortening and thickening, enhance the lodging resistance; also can increase the intensity of young panicle differentiation, beneficial to increase grain gain. Fertilizers, sand fields, and Wang Miao are generally stressed. Thin fields, clay fields, and weak seedlings must be lightly pressed or not pressed in order to avoid excessive damage to the leaves and affect the delivery. The repression should be carried out after the soil is thawed. The soil can be warmed, protected, and protected from freezing. Rape can also prevent lodging, which can be done in conjunction with the ditch. For groups that are too large and have particularly prosperous growth, cover soil can be used to suppress the emergence and excessive breeding of wheat seedlings.