Technical points for prevention of fire accidents in combine harvesters

The combine harvester has a complicated structure and is expensive. When the harvesting operation is carried out, the weather is hot or the climate is dry. If it is slightly negligent, it is prone to fire, which brings great economic losses to the owner and the farmer, and must be paid attention.

First, the cause of the fire of the combine harvester

1. Short circuit of electrical equipment. According to statistics, the fire accident caused by the circuit accounts for about 2/3 of the total number. The main reason is that the inspection of the electrical circuit is neglected, the wires are connected indiscriminately, and the electrical fault is eliminated regardless of its firmness and safety. The electric shock caused by the knocking rubbing, or the aging of the wire is broken, and the grounding is short.

2. The exhaust pipe is fired or overheated. Long-term overload operation or engine oil supply time is too late, so that the exhaust pipe is overheated or even red hot, igniting nearby flammable materials; or when the fuel is not completely burned, carbon deposits in the cylinder or exhaust duct When it is too much, it will spray Mars, and the hot Mars will reach 1000 °C, splashing on the crop straw and causing fire.

3, gasoline starter carburetor tempering. The high-temperature gas mixture that is burned during tempering is sprayed backward from the carburetor, causing combustion when it encounters combustibles such as crop straw.

4. The supercharger is faulty. When the exhaust turbocharger is poorly lubricated or has a mechanical failure, the exhaust heat causes the supercharger to ignite and then ignites the engine.

5. When the combine harvester is repaired, the fire is caused by the igniting of the welding slag falling into the nearby grass clippings and straw.

6. Inadvertently in operation or maintenance, metal parts such as wrenches are placed on the battery electrodes, and the grounding iron generates a strong electric spark to ignite diesel oil, oil stains or surrounding flammable materials.

7. The operator smokes during the harvesting operation, and the dropped ash falls into the dry dust of the grass clippings, or throws the cigarette butt, causing a fire.

8. When the autumn and winter operations are scheduled to be threshed, the artificial fire will not properly handle the residual fire, the straw will be blown away by the wind and the harvester will be used; or the open fire grill, the grilling oil road and the roasting water tank will help to start, and the oil will be ignited. , tubing.

9. The faulty combine harvester was not promptly removed, and the diseased operation was carried out. The parts of the entangled grass were not cleaned up in time, so that the parts were dry and frictional or the bearings were overheated, or electric sparks were generated during the work of the electrical appliances, and dust or grass clippings were ignited.

10. The farmer burns the wheat bran or burns the crop straw, “fires and burns the camp”, and harvests the harvester.

Second, the prevention of fire accidents in combine harvesters should first be highly valued in thought, and secondly, the following technical points should be mastered:

1. Harvesters should be carefully inspected and maintained before putting into harvesting operations. According to relevant regulations, “Five Nets” (oil, water, gas, machinery, tools), “four no leaks” (oil, water, gas, electricity), "Six closed" (diesel tank port, gasoline tank port, oil filler port, carburetor, magneto, oil inspection port), "one intact" (technical state), while keeping the engine and fuel tank clean, no gasoline Wipe grease.

2. Check the electrical equipment frequently to see if the connection of the circuit wires is loose or not, and the equipment is damaged. Wire joints should be firmly connected with bolts with spring washers; circuit harnesses and wires should be covered with plastic tubes and sealed to prevent water from entering the oil; there should be no oil near the wires, and the battery has good protective equipment to prevent metal objects from falling. Short circuit arc.

3. The electrical circuit is away from the heat source. Use the clip to fix the wire passing through the moving part. The middle span of the wire should not be too long or too short to prevent the wire from being worn, scratched and exposed due to rotation or vibration.

4. Always check the ignition timing of the gasoline engine for starting to prevent carburetor tempering when working in the field; it is best to install a qualified Mars collector for the engine main engine.

5. Always check the operation of the injector and high pressure oil pump and the quality of the air filter, exhaust pipe and fuel, repair or replace if necessary.

6. Do not overload the machine for a long time during operation, control the engine speed, do not suddenly get too small, and do not slam the throttle; when the water tank is opened, the engine should be overheated and should be shut down to cool down.

7. When harvesting, it is necessary to regularly add oil and water, and check the high temperature parts of the engine to remove nearby combustibles and oil.

8. When working, it must be equipped with necessary fire-fighting equipment, such as fire extinguishers, sandbags or sand boxes, shovel, sacks, etc.

9. During the harvesting operation, the drum will be rubbed against the fire. Therefore, the gap of the drum must be adjusted consistently. Check the work during the operation and remove the grass in time. In addition, each rotating part should be oiled and lubricated frequently to prevent frictional heat from igniting grass clippings.

10. Good lighting equipment should be used during night work. It is strictly forbidden to open fire when maintenance and troubleshooting, inspection or adding fuel, so as to avoid explosion or deflagration of high temperature diesel steam in the fuel tank.

11. It is strictly forbidden for the operator to smoke during the operation.

12. After engine maintenance or overhaul, thoroughly remove the oil stained on the locomotive; when it is necessary to short-circuit the electromagnetic switch to start the engine, be sure to remove the accumulated debris, grass ash and oil at the electric starter to prevent lap joints. Electric sparks ignite these combustibles.

13. When working in the field, especially during nighttime operations, it is necessary to prevent the joints such as the combine harvester cockpit, exhaust pipe, granary, unloading auger and other objects from touching and pulling off the agricultural power lines in the field, causing electric shock or fire.

14. At the end of the operation, the residual grain and weeds in the warehouse should be removed to prevent the rats from getting into the bite and biting the wires, causing a short circuit; do not neglect the inspection of the electrical circuit before starting each time.

15. Turn off the main power supply when stopping the operation. If there is no main power switch, install it. Remove crop dust and entanglement in time after the operation, the engine is clean and free of oil.

16. When welding is required during repair, the flammable materials around the welding site should be cleaned first, the battery ground wire should be removed, and the main power switch should be disconnected. When welding, the grounding wire of the welding machine should be as close as possible to the welding. Parts, in case of poor contact between parts, sparks cause fire.

17. It is strictly forbidden to burn crop straw.

Third, the harvest when the combine harvester is on fire

When the combine harvester accidentally catches fire, the air in the field is well circulated, and the fire is often too fast. Therefore, do not expect firefighters to put out the fire. The correct approach is to base yourself on self-rescue and put the fire out in the initial stage. If the engine is exposed to high temperature, oil leakage, electric leakage or litter debris, it should stop harvesting immediately, exit the working field as soon as possible to the harvested field, then stop the flame, use the vehicle with fire extinguisher, dry sand, Sacks or shovels should be used to extinguish the fire. Try not to extinguish the fire in place to prevent a large-scale field fire. When extinguishing the fire, the oil circuit should be cut off to prevent the fuel from leaking, causing the fire to spread. If the threshing part of the harvester is ignited due to the friction of the harvester's drum, the working field should be withdrawn as soon as possible. The cutting part should continue to work and will enter the inside of the harvester. The stalks that have been ignited are spit out to prevent the internal parts such as the conveyor belt from being burnt out. At the same time, fire extinguishers, sandbags, etc. are used to extinguish the flames on the locomotive and on the ground. If the field fire is caused by burning straw, the harvester should be taken out of the working field as soon as possible, and quickly go to the field without combustibles to avoid "fire and burn camp". (向雁)