Direct seeding cultivation technique of hybrid rice mechanized

At present, there are many new technologies for rice cultivation. Today, we will talk about the live broadcast of rice mechanization, which is a new technology being promoted. In 2017, when the late rice was planted in a certain area, the mechanized acupoint live broadcast of the hybrid rice Qiuyou Jinfeng was achieved, and the ideal effect was achieved. The mechanized acupoint live area was 20hm2, and the average yield reached 1012kg/hm2. The main cultivation techniques are now described below.

1 Variety selection and seed treatment

The varieties should be selected for high-yield, high-quality, high-resistance mid- and late-maturing japonica rice varieties, such as hybrid rice Qiuyou Jinfeng and conventional rice fragrant soft stems.

Before the sowing, the seeds were selected and the Qiuyou Jinfeng variety was selected, and the seed amount was about 33 kg/hm 2 . First of all, choose a sunny weather for 1~2 days, and when it is drying, it must be thinner and evener, diligently turned over, lightly turned over to prevent broken shells, and put away before 15: 00. Clean up the rice seeds with branches and remove impurities.

For every 100 kg of rice seeds, 17% of chlorpyrifos and acesulfame wettable powder 500~600 g+10% imidacloprid WP 200 g+6% chlorpyrifos 150~200 mL soaking seeds for disinfection. The above agent is adjusted into a paste with a small amount of water, and then 130~140 kg of water is added, and diluted to prepare a soaking solution. Dip the rice seeds into the soaked soaking solution, stir and stir for 4~5 times, and cover them. The soaking time depends on the temperature. The average daily temperature is about 20 °C for two days and three nights. When the average daily temperature reaches 24~25 °C, the soaking time is slightly shortened for two days and two nights.

After soaking the seeds, the rice seeds are piled up into piles of 30 cm thick, and the moist grass mats are covered on the piles to maintain proper temperature, humidity and gas permeability. The germination is required, and the temperature and humidity of the grain piles are required to be up and down, inside and outside. Keep it steady, break the chest at 35 °C, moisturize and germination (temperature 25~27 °C, humidity about 80%), and do a good job in germination. The 2CR-500 linkage automatic steam spray type rice seed germination machine produced by Zhejiang Yiming Machinery Factory can also be used for germination treatment of rice seeds. The principle is to control the bud length to 0.3 cm with the standard of 90% rice broken chest white. the following.

After successful germination of rice, buds should be sown for 4 to 5 hours at room temperature. The germination of the germination is full and the water content is sufficient. The surface of the husk is dry and not sticky, so that it can be planted in time. If the time is too long, the bud length is more than 0.5 cm. At the time, the live broadcast of the machine will reduce the quality and generally cannot be used for machine broadcasting.

2 Site preparation and land preparation

Hybrid rice should be selected as a green manure or a winter ploughing field by mechanized acupoint direct seeding cultivation to ensure timely sowing in mid-to-late May. Most of the hybrid rice mechanized acupoints were selected from green manure and winter fallow fields. The fields were ploughed 10 to 15 days before sowing, and the depth of ploughing was 20~25 cm. Combined with ploughing and applying sufficient base fertilizer, applying compound fertilizer 300~450 kg/hm 2 Then, it is soaked in water for 7~10 days before sowing, soaking for 2~3 days, to ensure that the water layer is 1~3 cm deep, which plays the role of soaking soil, making it loose, soft and rotten. The soaked field is subjected to constant water tillage, and the field is flattened, and the height difference after the field is controlled within 4~5 cm. After the tillage is leveled, try to make the soil solid, and then use the herbicide butachlor to seal it, and the sedimentation time is 4~5 days to improve the weeding effect in the field.

3 machine live

Mechanical selection of Shidal 2BDXZ-10SC, the practical effect is more appropriate. (For consideration only) Calculate the time relationship between the preparation work of Daejeon and the germination of rice seeds. When the rice seeds reach the sowing requirements, the machine will be broadcast live at the right time. Prepare and debug all the machinery of Shida Live Broadcasting Machine in place, and carefully check whether the brake system of the machine, the hydraulic lifting system, the rotation system of the seed meter, and the forward and backward are normal. When the machine is commissioned and is in normal operation, the seeds are added to the seed box, the seeds are naturally poured, and it is not suitable to compact by hand. The rain is prevented from wetting the seeds and the seeding is started. The standard seeding distance is 20 cm × 18 cm, and 3 to 5 grain per hole. After the start of planting, check the line spacing at any time, whether the hole distance is correct, whether the grain is uniform, whether there is any missing line, and whether the seeding tank, the water storage tank and the drainage ditch are appropriate. If the phenomenon of deep sowing, re-broadcasting and muddy mud is found, it will be adjusted in time. When the planting is finished, the mechanical exit and the four corners of the field are manually replanted in time.

4 Water and fertilizer management

Daejeon water slurry management is divided into front, middle and late management, sowing to the three-leaf period, mainly based on wet management. Exclude the water in the field, mainly dry, 2 horses after the horse water, keep the field moist, 3 leaves to the tillering shallow water to promote tillering. Combined with chemical weeding and fertilization, dry and wet alternate gap irrigation is carried out. When the tiller reaches the total number of stems and reaches 80% to 85% of the expected number of seedlings, dehydration and light baking of the fields begins, from light to heavy, and the fields are baked. The degree of roasting is that the field is not trapped in the field, the field is not white, not cracked, and the leaf color is slightly yellow and faded. After the field is placed on the field, the field that has been obviously straightened with yellow leaves should be rehydrated in time. Using intermittent irrigation method, fill shallow water once, keep the water layer for 2~3 days, cut water for 3-4 days, and then refill one shallow water, and repeat until the Jianye extraction period establishes shallow water layer. Dehydration before heading for 2~3 days, the rice grows to the shallow stage when the heading and flowering period is reached, and the gap irrigation is carried out during the filling period. Shallow water irrigation, tides clear. Prevent maturity water loss during maturity, and insist on water cut 7~9 days before harvest to ensure 1000-grain weight increase.

After sowing, top dressing is generally divided into weaning fertilizer, tillering fertilizer, long crude fertilizer and panicle fertilizer. From the rice to the second leaf, the milk fertilizer is applied at the heart of the two leaves, and the ammonium nitrate is 225 kg/hm 2 or the urea is 90-120 kg/hm 2 . When the rice grows from the three-leaf to the four-leaf stage, the first tiller is applied, and the special formula fertilizer for rice is 300 kg/hm 2 or urea 150-180 kg/hm 2 ; the gap is 7-10 days. 2 times of tillering fertilizer, special fertilizer for rice is 225 kg/hm 2 or urea is 120~150 kg/hm 2 . Before and after the heat, the long-term fertilizer is applied to the main fertilizer, and the potassium fertilizer is mainly applied. The potassium chloride is applied at 75~105 kg/hm 2 . For the weaker field, the urea is added 75 kg/hm 2 on the basis of potassium chloride application. , or apply 45% ternary compound fertilizer (15-15-15) 150~180 kg/hm 2 alone, and fertilize the field with fertilizer to promote large seedlings and strong stalks.

Spike fertilizer accounts for 15% to 25% of the whole growth period of rice, and is more important. Generally, it is fixed in the first section of the main stem section, and rapidly elongated in the second section. The leaf age is 3.2 leaves. Generally, the application of flower-promoting fertilizer is applied from the end of July to the beginning of August, and the special formula fertilizer for rice is 150~180 kg/hm 2 ; At intervals of about 10 days, when the leaf age is 1.5~2.0 leaves, the flower fertilizer is applied, and the urea is applied at 90~105 kg/hm 2 . It is found that some of the leaves have faded later, and should wait until the leaf color fades. After the application, the rice formula fertilizer was around 195 kg/hm 2 around August 10. The pursuit of Qi Pan fertilizer will not exceed August 15 at the latest. For the field where the leaf color is lighter and the fertilizer is more serious, a small amount of urea is applied after the heading, and urea can be applied 30~45 kg/hm 2 .

5 pest and disease control

It is equivalent to conventional rice in the prevention and control of pests and diseases, and it is noted that the agents are used alternately to prevent the development of drug resistance. Weeding is based on the principles of agricultural control and physical control, with the focus on chemical weeding and the principle of artificial weeding. Chemical weeding adopts the control strategy of “two seals, one kill and one supplement”. For weeds that have emerged when the soil is closed, it can be controlled by using flupentasil, and watering 375~450 L/hm 2 , evenly spraying the stems and leaves. The water was drained 1 day before application, and the water was rehydrated 3 to 5 cm 1 day after application, and the water retention was 3 to 5 days. 3~4 weeks after sowing, the herbicides such as bensulfuron-methyl, pyrazosulfuron-methyl and bensulfuron-methyl are used, and the application is carried out by the method of medicine or soil. The water retention time after application is not less than 3 days. . Fields with more broadleaf and sedges can be used in the effective tillering stage of rice, ie, from the seventh to the ninth stage of rice, and can be controlled by methicillin, pyrazosulfuron and other agents. ~5 cm deep and keep water for 3~5d.

The above is all the content of today, there may be many rice growers have not been exposed to this technology, but you can learn from the experience in Hui Nongwang!

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