Field Management Techniques for Overwintering Cultivation of Dutch Beans
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The Dutch beans are sown in the fall and the winter harvest is cultivated in winter. This method requires a greenhouse with good insulation properties in the north, which has high production costs and complicated technologies. However, the time of the market is a period of cold winter vegetables, the price is expensive, the economic benefits are considerable. In recent years, with the rapid development of production in protected areas, this cultivation method has developed rapidly in the north. In order to increase the yield and increase the benefits, field management techniques should be grasped. 1. Maintaining a suitable temperature After wintering cultivation of Dutch beans in North China, early frost is coming. In order to maintain proper temperature conditions, the plastic film in the greenhouse must be immediately buckled, ventilated during the day, and the plastic film should be tightened at night to maintain the temperature at 15 to 18°C ​​to promote rapid emergence. After emergence, it should be kept at about 20°C during the day, and the temperature should exceed 25°C to vent the air, avoiding the high temperature of 30°C. Keep 10 to 15°C at night. In the period of seedling and ranch of Dutch beans, the temperature is not very low in North China from October to November. As long as the cover is covered in time, covering the plastic film can maintain the temperature inside the shed. This period should pay attention to ventilation during the day to prevent excessive temperature, resulting in leggy plants. The beans of the Netherlands should be kept at 15-20°C during the day of flowering and setting and 12-16°C at night. This period is in the cold period from December to January. The outside temperature is very low. All measures should be taken to maintain the temperature. Detain the plastic film during the day and cover the grass at night to prevent freezing damage caused by cold waves. In clear days, ventilation should also be taken to prevent high temperatures above 25°C. 2. Reasonable top-dressing watering in the winter cultivation, the temperature is lower, the evaporation in the greenhouse is less, no need to water more, generally combined with top-dressing watering. When live, water can be watered as often as 6 to 10 cm. When the nursery is planted, it should be poured into the bottom water, usually without watering before budding, in order to promote the development of the root system and ensure the robustness of the plant. When the plants begin to bud, the first topdressing watering can be performed, and 225 to 300 kg of compound fertilizer is recovered per hectare. It is also possible to apply 7500 to 10,000 kg of urine per person per hectare. Afterwards, until the plants begin to scab, they should mainly control the pupa and promote the cultivation. When the plants begin to scab, sufficient water and fertilizer must be given to promote the rapid growth of scabs and larvae. Generally, water is poured once every 20 days, and 225-300 kg of compound fertilizer is applied per hectare during the flowering stage. The period of growth of Dutch beans also requires sufficient supply of carbon dioxide. During winter cultivation, the problem of carbon dioxide deficit is also very prominent. For this reason, carbon dioxide fertilization is also necessary. 3. Proper cultivating in the cultivating stage of Dutch beans requires intensive cultivation. From the seedling stage to the flowering stage, the soil is mainly cultivated with cultivators, and cultivating is usually performed once every 7-10 days to promote root growth. Stop cultivating after flowering to avoid injury. In the last cultivator, rooting should be carried out. 4. Proper cultivation of sprawling Dutch beans should be carried out in a suitable period. When the tendrils of the plants appear, they are inserted into the racks. In the greenhouse, plastic flat tapes are used as scaffolds. Since the Dutch beans cannot be wound on their own, they should be 40-50 centimeters in length and should be manually tied for one time so that they can be evenly distributed, be airy and transparent, and be easy to scab.