The leeks, also known as nursed vegetables, water chestnuts or local dishes, are wild vegetables in the cruciferous genus, which are used as edible organs. They are odorless, sweet and rich in nutrients. They are especially rich in ascorbic acid and have “vegetables in licorice. The reputation of the company. Our southwestern Shandong region has been sold to Shanghai, Shenzhen and Hong Kong and Macao after being processed by quick-frozen anti-season leeks cultivated in greenhouses. In recent years, the cultivated area has expanded rapidly, but it is still in short supply, and the market has extremely broad prospects for development. To this end, we organize technical personnel to explore, research and successfully obtain a set of greenhouse cultivation techniques, which are summarized below. I. Variety Selection At present, there are mainly two types of cultivars that are used in production. They are leeks and leeks. After experiment, the leaf-leafed leeks (also known as big leaf leeks) are suitable for greenhouse cultivation. The cultivars are large, thick, light green with feathery deep lobes. The base leaves are generally full and the leaves are smooth or slightly velvety. , Aroma, quality, appearance is also better to see, deeply loved by consumers in Shenzhen, Hong Kong and Macao. This species is like a cool climate, with wide adaptability, rapid growth, and high yield. Second, soil preparation, fertilization, and leeks do not require strict soil requirements, but they grow better in fertile, loose loamy soils. Because the leek seed is small, it is easy to affect germination when it comes into contact with fertilizer. Therefore, it is necessary to perform fine soil preparation before sowing. With the preparation of 2000-3000 kilograms of fully-comminuted pig manure or human feces per square meter, no fertilizer is generally used as base fertilizer. First deep-thin up and down 2-3 times, after the leveling made of high 10-15 cm, 100-120 cm wide small sorghum, greenhouse cultivation for ease of management, and more use of north-south to squat. Third, the appropriate time sowing Sowing time: The greenhouse cultivation is mostly sowed in the late mid-October, that is, after the delayed harvest in the early autumn. 2. Sowing method: Amaranth are all live-cultivated and can be seeded or sowed. During the drill, each seedling shall open 5 culverts to equidistantly wide the seeding ditch; drench 1st time along the ditch, sow the seeds after the water seeps, sow 5-6 centimeters, and then cover all the fluvo-aquic soil about 1 centimeter thick. Flat surface, a little pressure to help protect the pimple. When adopting the sowing, first remove 1 cm thick topsoil from the sampan surface and pile it at the end of the rake, soak the screed and soak the bottom water. After the water seeps, soak it evenly. Then, remove the first mulch from the second and cover the soil. About 1 cm thick. Afterwards, the second floor is soaked with bottom water. After the water seepage, it is sown uniformly. After that, the second floor is taken from the third floor, and then the ground floor is analogized. When the last row is sown, the top soil taken out from the first floor is evenly covered. It is also possible to take soil cover from the hoe or hoe ditch after sowing, and cover the mulch after sowing. Due to the small seed size, the seed can be mixed with 2-3 times finer soil before sowing in order to achieve uniform seeding. At the same time, avoid using gingival surfaces after sowing, so as not to affect the seedlings, the sowing rate is 1-1.2 kg per 667 square meters. Fourth, field management Temperature management: Violent cultivation of leeks, sowing before the emergence of the maintenance of 20-25 °C during the day, not higher than 25 °C, 10-12 °C at night, 5 to 6 days to emerge. About 70% of the seedlings should be peeled off the film, after the emergence of seedlings to prevent leggy, greenhouse temperature can be reduced to 15-20 °C during the day, above 22 °C should be promptly released, 8-10 °C at night. 2. Water and fertilizer management: Before and after the emergence of small water to be poured or sprayed with watering cans to keep the ground moist, to prevent soil compaction and affect the emergence. At the same time to promote the emergence of seedlings and Miao Qi, Miao Zhuang, can be added in the water spray "cloud 120" dubbed 2000 times the use of seedlings growth effect is very obvious. Later, the leek enters a vigorous growth period. Due to the high planting density and the large amount of water, it should be watered frequently to ensure sufficient supply of fertilizer and water for the growth of stems and leaves. When the seedlings have 2-3 true leaves, they should be top-dressed for the first time. Every 667 square meters of water will be applied with NPK and NPK compound fertilizer 12-15 kg or 1500 kg of decomposed thin human waste. - The second top dressing after 15 days can be applied with 10-15 kg of ammonium sulfate per 667 square meters. After each harvest, topdressing 1 times, while the amount of fertilizer can be increased appropriately. The last dressing should be done 7-10 days before harvest. 3. Chemical control and weeding: After the seedlings of leeks, they should be 1-2 times as early as possible in order to facilitate the strengthening of roots and seedlings. At the same time, weeds should be removed as soon as possible to prevent the growth of leeks. In the 15-20 days before harvest, the combination of top dressing with watering and spraying of stems and leaves with 20-30 mg/kg of gibberellic acid (920) had a good promotion effect on improving the quality of mussels and increasing yield. Fifth, timely harvesting greenhouse cultivation Lai Lai, about 40 days after emergence, grow 10-16 leaves, can be combined with sparse seedlings successively harvested. Generally, a 2.5 cm wide small oblique knife is used to pick and pick the clay. In order to increase the output and uniformity and extend the supply period, it is advisable to grasp the principle of closing large and small and collect fine and small, but need to be flexible. In the rare places where seedlings are grown, even larger seedlings are harvested in due time. Smaller seedlings should be harvested early in the thick, even if the seedlings are smaller, so as to facilitate the growth of the remaining leeks and increase the total yield. This can make full use of the land, maintain even growth, harvest once every 15-20 days, collect 3-4 times, equivalent to 1500-2000 kg of fresh leeks per 667 square meters of production, and remove the soil after harvesting. Withered, yellow leaves, and 2-3 centimeters remaining in the root were cut off to facilitate export processing. Sixth, pest control greenhouse cultivation Lai Lai mainly downy mildew and aphids. About 20 days after the emergence of leek, downy mildew before the occurrence of 64% anti-tussive WP 8000 times or 25% metalaxyl WP spray 1000 times. In the early stage of disease, 64% anti-virus 600 times fluid or 72.2% glycoside water 800 times fluid can be used for prevention and control. The effect is obvious. The aphid can be controlled with 50% Pipa, 2000 times wettable powder or 1000 times wettable powder of 10% exoportheline at the initial stage of damage or spotting. At the same time, manual removal of diseased plants or diseased stems and leaves may be carried out in combination with chemical control. However, regardless of disease prevention or pest control, pesticide application should be stopped 15-20 days before harvest to prevent the increase of pesticide residues and affect the quality of commercial leeks. In addition, 45% chlorothalonil smoke agent can be used for prevention and control in the evening on the day after top dressing, which not only can effectively prevent frost and other diseases, but also can significantly reduce the pesticide residue in leek.
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