Production Status and Cultivation Techniques of Fruit and Vegetable Maize in Sanming City

Since 2000, agricultural technicians in Sanming City, Fujian Province have started research on the introduction and cultivation techniques of new varieties of fruit and vegetable corn. The quality of corn has been greatly improved and the yield level has been greatly improved. As of 2006, the city has promoted about 2,000 hectares of fruit and vegetable corn, accounting for 21.5% of the city's corn planting area, with an output value of about 27 million yuan, accounting for 38% of the total corn output. Compared with feed-type corn, farmers can increase 12 million yuan. .

Because the fruit and vegetable corn is rich in nutrients and unique in flavor, it is deeply loved by people and can bring high economic benefits to the growers. In addition, Sanming City is located in the northwest of Fujian Province, and the climate is warm and humid, which is very suitable for the growth of fruit and vegetable corn. In recent years, the planting area has expanded year by year. However, the growth potential of fruit and vegetable type corn is weaker than that of feed type corn, and there are more pests and diseases, and the management of fertilizer and water is also difficult. The yield level of different farmers is quite different. At present, the highest yield of fruit and vegetable corn in Sanming City can reach 1500kg/667 square meters, and the lowest yield is only 300kg/667 square meters. In order to promote the benign development of fruit-discreted corn production in Sanming City, the research results of introduction, demonstration and cultivation techniques of fruit and vegetable-type maize varieties in Sanming City have been comprehensively introduced, and the high-yield cultivation techniques of fruit and vegetable-type corn are mainly introduced as follows.

First, preparation before the broadcast

1. Select the land. The pH value of the selected soil is 6.5-7.0, the organic matter content is greater than 1.5%, the total nitrogen is greater than 0.05%, the available phosphorus is greater than 20mg/kg, the available potassium is greater than 120mg/kg, the plough depth is greater than 20cm, the water retention and fertilizer retention, and the drainage conditions are better. Medium and superior fertility plots, if the soil is acidic, lime can be used to adjust the pH. In order to prevent other varieties from smashing powder and affecting the quality of fruit and vegetable corn, other types of corn varieties with a large quality difference should not be planted within the range of 300 to 400 m.

2. Choose good varieties. According to local conditions, the high-quality, high-yield, high-resistance, high-quality, high-purity, disease-resistant, and long-lasting green varieties that have been approved by the National and Provincial Seeds Certification Committee are suitable for use in the Sanming area. Yuxi No. 1, Zhejiang Yuyu No. 1, and so on. When selecting these varieties, pay attention to the quality of the seeds, choose large, full, germinated and remove small, insect, mildew and germinating seeds.

3. Agricultural film selection. The double-row cultivation is carried out, and the ultra-thin mulch film with a width of 1 m is selected, and the small shed is made of ordinary agricultural film.

4. Fine soil preparation, and apply enough base fertilizer. 10 days before transplanting, deep ploughing and hoeing, soil preparation for hoeing, rafting with a width of 1.2m, ditch depth of 20 to 30cm, drenching in the middle of the hoe, fertilizing 1500-2000kg per 667 square meters of farmyard manure, 80kg of ammonium bicarbonate 30kg of calcium phosphate and 15kg of potassium chloride were used as the sputum after covering the soil. The sorghum surface was slightly turtle-shaped, and the surface of the glutinous rice was 80cm wide.

5. Chemical weeding. Before mulching, use 50% acetochlor EC 75-100ml or 90% Wones emulsifiable concentrate 45ml per 667 square meters, 30-45kg water, evenly spray the weeds.

6. Cover film. The mulch is close to the ground, and the film is pressed into the bottom of the ditch. The soil is pressed tightly to avoid the wind, and the cover film is fast, and the water is evaporated.

Second, nursery

1. Formulated nutrient soil. Use 30% to 40% of decomposed farmyard manure, 60% to 70% fertile fine soil, add appropriate amount of superphosphate, mix well and mix well, put into plastic nutrient bowl (6cm × 8cm) to be broadcast, the soil surface is higher than the mouth About 3cm.

2. Sowing. From mid-February, we choose to plant in sunny days without the influence of strong cold air. The corn seeds are sown into the nutrient bowl (one capsule), covered with moist nutrient soil, and covered with ultra-thin mulch and small arch shed. Because of the different climatic conditions in different places, the sowing time is not the same. However, the earliest sowing date can start sowing when the temperature is stable through 12 °C, and spring sowing in Sanming City is generally carried out around March 10. Covering with plastic film can be planted one week earlier; seedling transplanting technology can be planted about two weeks earlier; transplanting with plastic film can be advanced to early February. The latest sowing period in autumn can ensure that the temperature in the harvesting period is above 18 °C. The latest sowing period in the south of Sanming City is August 20, and the northern part should be about 5 days earlier.

Third, transplanting

1. Transplant at the right time. Corn seedlings are generally transplanted at 3 to 4 leaves. The line spacing is 25 to 30 cm, and the plant foot is 18 to 20 cm in length, and 3,500 to 4,000 plants are planted per 667 square meters. Planting should be sparse in spring and summer, and should be planted in autumn and winter. The plant type should be somewhat sparse, and the plant type should be low and compact.

2. Transplanting method. Use a puncher to punch holes on both sides of the sputum, remove the nutrient sputum, and even move the soil seedlings into the hole as a whole, and then pour the thin manure urine in time, seal the hole with wet soil, leave no gap, and cover the small arch shed.

Fourth, field management

1. Insulation management. In the early stage, it was mainly used for anti-freezing and warming. In case of freezing weather, plastic film and straw insulation were added to the small arch shed. The mulch film in the shed is removed in time after emergence, and ventilation should be noted at noon on sunny days.

2. Pest control. Common pests include corn borer, Spodoptera litura, cotton bollworm, and aphids. Common diseases include sheath blight, large and small leaf spot and bacterial heart rot, and bacterial base rot. Pest control should implement the principle of “prevention first, comprehensive prevention”, pay attention to rational rotation and pastoral hygiene, reduce the source of pathogens; select resistant varieties; strengthen field management, rational fertilization, and cultivate robust plants. Generally, in the seedling stage, phoxim or lesperine solution can be used to control underground pests such as tigers. Late control corn borer, 30g or 78% sperm killer powder 50g per 667 square meters, 30~45kg water, in the mouth of the bell mouth, in the silking stage, aim at the filament and the ear of the spray , a total of 2 times.

3. Remove snoring early. Most of the sweet corn has the characteristics of tillering. In order to ensure the ear yield and grade, the tillers (tillers) and the non-effect panicle buds should be removed as early as possible (only 1 or 2 are strong). If the leaves are too long, the top leaves should be cut off in time. The artificial silk pollination is assisted during the silking period to increase the seed setting rate. Try to avoid damage to the main stem and leaves during operation, otherwise it will have adverse effects.

4. Fertilization principles. On the basis of applying the base fertilizer and applying the seed fertilizer, lightly apply the seedling fertilizer, skillfully apply the jointing (stalking stalk) fertilizer, and reapply the big horn (attacking) fertilizer. Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are combined in a ratio of 1: (0.3 to 0.5): (0.8 to 1). The total nitrogen content is controlled in the range of 15 to 20 kg. Topdressing is mainly based on quick-acting fertilizer, and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are combined.

(1) Lightly apply seedlings. In the 3~4 leaf stage, after the live seeding of the seedlings and after the transplanting of the field, the seedlings and seedlings should be applied in time, and 3 to 4 kg of urea per 667 square meters should be applied, and the 1500 kg of mature manure should be applied, or 667 square meters per 667 square meters. Use 5 to 7.5 kg of urea and potassium chloride to spread. After fertilization, carry out easy soil and light soil.

(2) skillfully apply fertilizer. The so-called smart application is mainly based on the number of fertilization. Before the 7-8th leaf stage of jointing stage, fertilize in the middle of the two plants, take intermittent acupoints, apply 7.5~10kg of urea per 667 square meters, and 12~15kg of chlorosis. After fertilization, the cultivating small cultivating soil is carried out.

(3) Re-apply large flare fertilizer. In the 13-14 leaf stage, 10 to 15 kg of urea per 667 square meters and 5 to 10 kg of potassium chloride and 15 to 20 kg of compound fertilizer (nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium = 15:15:15) were applied during the emergence period of the big thorns. Use a row of holes or ditch deep fertilization, and carry out large soil. After that, it is generally no longer fertilized, but it can be sprayed with 0.1% to 0.2% zinc sulphate solution and 500-800 times potassium dihydrogen phosphate according to the growth of the late plant to ensure the plant is flourishing and the grain is full and full.

5. Watering at the right time and adjusting the water with water. Sweet corn is moist and afraid of water stains. When the soil moisture is maintained at 50% to 60% of the water holding capacity during the seedling stage, the water can be not watered, and the soil moisture should be maintained at about 70% of the water holding capacity after jointing. During the period of tasseling and spinning, it is a critical period of water demand, which should meet its water needs. The requirements for each growth period are: after sowing-emergence period. Mainly moist, too dry and too wet is not conducive to emergence; seedling stage. Should not be too wet, mainly wet, the best seedling period is dry and wet; large bell mouth period ~ flowering pollination period. During the period of maximum water demand, the soil should be kept moist; during the filling period. Keep the soil moist, properly control the water a few days before harvest to improve the quality; the soil can be pinched in the field, 1.2m height (adult chest) can fall naturally, the humidity is 60%; the corn field does not allow long-term accumulation Water, otherwise it is easy to cause disease and even cause it to die.

6. Harvest at the right time. The corn contains the most sugar in the grain about 20 days after pollination (milk ripening period), which is suitable for harvesting period, and should be harvested in time to ensure the quality of the goods. The harvest period is also affected by the temperature. When the temperature is high, it is earlier. When the temperature is low, the harvest period is appropriately delayed.

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