Silage production and management
ZHOUSHAN SINOMEGA BIOTECH ENGINEERING CO.,LTD , https://www.sinomegabiotech.com
First, the silage production and harvesting: Silage corn to be harvested at the end of milk or wax ripening is appropriate, generally in early September, with corn sticks silage quality, high nutritional value. The harvest is too early, the yield is low, the moisture is high, and nutrition is low; when harvesting is too late, the corn stems and leaves are yellow and the quality is reduced.
2. Shredding: silage corn stalks chopped, the length of 2 cm is appropriate, too long is not easy to compact, discharge air, and is not convenient for livestock to feed, resulting in throwing waste. Being too short and laborious is not conducive to rumination of livestock.
3. Cellar: Check the moisture content of the raw materials during filling. Generally, the appropriate moisture content is about 70%, and the minimum moisture content should not be lower than 55%. Too high moisture content will make the sugar in the raw material excessively diluted, which is not suitable for the propagation of lactic acid bacteria. When the content is too low, the raw material is not easily compacted, and the residual air is too much, which is conducive to the growth of molds and other bacteria, resulting in heat generation, resulting in deterioration of the silage. If the raw material moisture can be aired for 1 to 2 days and then stored, less water can be properly sprayed with water.
It's best to start the morning in the morning to concentrate on the day. The shorter the storage time, the better, in order to reduce the time of the activity of the aerobic bacteria and ensure the quality of the silage. When loading the pits, the raw materials must be leveled and filled in layers to facilitate the actual application. After filling, let the raw material rise 1 meter above the ground, like a hoe-shaped head, to prevent sinking after fermentation.
4. Compaction: Edge-cutting, side-mounting and side-stepping compaction when loading pits. The silage or large cellar can be compacted with a tractor, and the cellar is artificially compacted. The actual value is as good as possible to facilitate the propagation of lactic acid bacteria. Pay attention to the surroundings of the cellar, especially the four corners must be pressed to prevent air leakage.
5. Cover: When it is fully packed and fully compacted, cover it with a plastic cloth. The plastic cloth should be more than 30 centimeters around the cellar. Be careful not to seal it overnight because it is dark.
6. Closed: After covering the mouth of the cell, press 30-40 cm of soil on the plastic sheet.
Second, silage management
1. Sealed again: Silage began to enter the lactic acid fermentation stage 5 days after storage. The volume of the silage began to decrease gradually and cracks or fall occurred in the upper part. If it is not sealed in time, it will enter the air and cause the silage to rot and deteriorate. Therefore, starting from the 3rd day of silage, it is necessary to inspect once a day. When it is found that cracks begin to sink, it will be stepped on and cultivated in time; when it is vacant, it will be immediately stepped on, and the soil will be ready for use until the next 10 days. When the top is no longer sinking, the soil is 0.33 meters above the ground. The height is high and low, and the upper part is made into a bun-shaped top, and then it is smeared with thin mud.
2. To prevent pressing out of the hole: After the silo is sealed, it is necessary to strictly prevent the stepping out of the loophole and cause air permeability deterioration. Keep bricks, adobes, or branches around the cellar. Prevent livestock from entering the pit.
3 to prevent water: silage if infiltrated into the rain, light taste is changed, reduce palatability, while the weight of decay can not feed. Therefore, not only should the cellar be sealed with plastic film, but also the cellar should be trimmed to about 0.33 meters above the ground to prevent rain and snow from entering.
4. To prevent freezing: silage after freezing can not be directly fed, must be warm before feeding, but a frozen one, reduced palatability, loss of nutrition, livestock do not like to eat. Therefore, in the silage, some hay, straw, etc. should be stacked in the pit to prevent freezing of the silage.
5. To prevent rat damage: In the fermentation process of silage, air should be strictly prohibited. If a rat punches a hole, it will permeate the air and cause silage to spoil. Therefore, it is necessary to prevent rat damage.
6. Prevention; Sub-fermentation: When the silage needs to open the cellar feeding, we must pay special attention to open cellar method, otherwise it will cause secondary fermentation, decay, deterioration, can not feed, resulting in loss. When opening a cellar, if it is a large silo, the larger amount of silos will need to be taken on a layer by layer basis, immediately after being taken, and compacted with stones and other heavy objects to prevent the penetration of large amounts of air; if it is a small silo, If the volume is small, it will open from one end of the cellar, and the cellar opening cannot be opened too much, so it is convenient to take the material. After use, the cellar should be sealed immediately.