Abalone culture and breeding techniques
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There are many ways to cultivate abalone. There is a bottom sowing breeding (also known as natural multiplication), there are cage-type cage breeding, as well as industrial breeding and pit breeding. No matter what kind of farming methods, choosing fresh water quality is particularly important. Natural aquaculture conditions (1) Seaweed breeding, rich food. (2) The water is fluent and the proportion of seawater is stable, and it stays above 1.020 for the whole year. (3) The bottom rock is a rock block. (4) It is advisable that there is no industrial pollution in the sea area, there are few predators, and it is advisable that there be no frozen sea in the winter and ice flow in the spring. Seed transport of abalone transport using dry transport and wet transport two methods, generally short-range, short-time dry transport method, and remote, long-distance wet use; transportation is usually used as a plastic abalone attachment base, placed cleaning and disinfection In rigid containers, the abalone that is being transported should be selected to be raised in order to increase the survival rate of transportation. Abalone transportation plans and arrangements should be carefully studied. The dry transportation method should be reasonable in density, not squeezed each other, ensure high humidity, low temperature, regular watering, prevent direct sunlight and rain, and be placed in a cool and ventilated place, transported to the destination regularly. The wet transport method pumps must ensure normal operation, have sufficient seawater, density and sparse, non-overlap, large water flow, small temperature difference, and promptly involve the removal of fecal debris, if the transport time is too long, a small amount of feed should be cast. After being transported, the abalone must be raised for a certain period of time so that it can be revived before it can be removed from the stockpile. The abalone can be used to reduce the water temperature. Ultraviolet sterilization or drug treatment. Breeding methods (1) Subsea cultivation: Put about 2 cm of young abalone into a breeding cage, raise 10-30% of bait, and seal it on the sea floor. You can also place the young abalone directly in the sea area with good natural conditions (multiplication) ). (2) Cocoon-type culture: The juvenile abalone is placed in an abalone breeding cage, then fixed on a floating cage and cultured, feeding regularly, removing fecal impurities, residual baits, scrubbing the sludge, and dredging the water flow. (3) Pond culture: In areas where conditions are available, pools can be built on land, using running water and aerated culture. (4) Factory farming: The abalone breeding room was built, and a cooling system and a heating system were set up to control the water temperature. (5) Pit aquaculture: Intensive farming (which can be referred to as factory culture) using the natural conditions in which the tunnel itself has a constant temperature, and the quality of the bait is directly related to the quality of the bait. The growth rate of abalone.About 3 millimeters or so, abalone is still unable to eat large algae, mainly relying on the attachment of diatoms as foodstuffs, at this time do not feed bait; grow to 5-6 mm, began to eat delicate alfalfa and other algae. As the individual grows, it turns to large seaweeds.The natural sea area and the number and quantity of feeding and bait depending on the season, the summer water temperature is high, the seaweed perishable, the decay of the fronds sinks to the bottom, and the ammonia nitrogen in the water increases. The decrease of dissolved oxygen can easily lead to deterioration of the culture environment and affect the normal activities of abalone, so at this time, the bait is baited once every 2-3 days, and the amount of investment is less, in order to be able to finish, and autumn is the season in which abalone grows quickly. Feed enough fresh bait and feed once every 4-5 days.Winter water temperature is low, abalone's food intake is small, fresh algae will not decay after soaking in water for 7-8 days. Note that each feeding should be carried out after removing the bait residue and abalone excrement and replacing the fresh seawater.. The abalones hi dried young seaweeds, and can use dry algae soaked as baits without fresh seaweed. , and the algae feeding is good for the mixing effect, in the algae, wakame, kimchi, kelp, and horsetail are the seaweed that the abalone is more like to eat, the bait effect is good, the growth speed is fast, the seaweed with rich local resources, the test result It shows that it is not ideal, and has a great influence on the abalone digestion.Abalone breeding can also be fed with artificial diets. When using it, it should be considered that it contains animal protein and is immersed in water for perishables. Therefore, the time for taking baits is correspondingly shortened.