Ammonium bicarbonate as a top dressing is better than urea

July 01, 2020

The third team of the experimental farm of Zhangzhou Agricultural University in Hebei Province is located in the alluvial plain of the Juma River. The land is sandy and the fertility is not very high. The main crops planted are fruit trees and peanuts, and some winter wheat and summer corn. The winter wheat planting area in the previous year was only a few hundred acres, and the production level was about 600 pounds. In fertilizing winter wheat, they fully considered the benefits of fertilization. Before winter, the base fertilizer applied two manures per acre and no fertilizer was applied. When winter wheat is sown, 5 kg of diammonium phosphate is used per acre seed fertilizer. For the characteristics of soil fertility is not too high, they applied nitrogen fertilizer at the beginning of jointing. The net amount of nitrogen per acre is 6 kg. Through field comparison tests, the yield of winter wheat without top dressing was only 520 kg, and the yield of top dressing was 600 to 660 kg. The rate of increase in topdressing is between 13% and 23%. Su Mingchun, head of the wheat field operation group, found that by applying topdressing fertilizer, 6 kg of nitrogen fertilizer was also applied. The yield of wheat produced by applying ammonium bicarbonate was significantly higher than that of the urea plot. The output of topdressing with ammonium bicarbonate was 665 kg, while the average yield of urea was 595 kg. As a result, he decided to use only ammonium bicarbonate instead of urea. The surrounding farmers are also prepared to imitate the practice of experimental farms, but they do not know why the effect of chasing ammonium bicarbonate is better than that of urea.

Expert analysis: There are 4 points worth promoting in this case.

1. Use self-produced manure manure and soil miscellaneous fertilizers as base fertilizers to not only supply nutrients in the middle and later stages, but also to improve soil fertility and reduce production costs. This is appropriate for soils with poorly fertile, sandy soils.

2. From the sowing of winter wheat to overwintering and returning to greening and jointing in the coming year, it takes a long period of six months. During this period, whether wheat seedlings grow together and grow strong, and whether they can resist cold, is the basis for the high yield of winter wheat, and it is also the key. In view of the low soil fertility of the experimental farm, applying 4 to 5 kg of diammonium as a seed fertilizer during sowing of winter wheat can have the effect of “several efforts”. Because ammonium phosphate contains nutrient characteristics of high phosphorus and low nitrogen, phosphorus can promote hairy roots and strong seedlings, enhance wheat seedling resistance, and help winter wheat winter.

3. The appropriate amount of nitrogen fertilizer for topdressing, applied in the early stages of winter wheat jointing, is a good steel used on the blade. The nitrogen fertilizer applied in this way has high efficiency, and the rate of increase in grain production is above 20%. The utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer in the season is high and the loss is also low.

4. The effect of topdressing urea is less than that of ammonium bicarbonate. The results of this comparative test show that compared with the increase in nitrogen production per kilogram, urea is 13 to 15 kilograms, and ammonium bicarbonate is 22 to 23 kilograms. The calculated nitrogen use efficiency was 42% to 45% for urea and 60% for ammonium bicarbonate. The main reason is that the effect of ammonium bicarbonate is fast, but the effect of urea is slower. After being applied to the soil, it must be transformed before it can be absorbed in large quantities. Fertilizer used for top dressing should highlight a “fast” word.

In short, crops fertilization should pay attention to the combination of organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer, ammonium bicarbonate as top dressing fertilizer efficiency faster than urea.

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