Key points of high quality and high yield cultivation techniques of Platycodon grandiflorum in

The platycodon is a herbaceous plant with a beautiful appearance. How can the platycodon grow and grow? Let's take a look at the quality and high-yield cultivation techniques of Platycodon grandiflorum in Sichuan with Xiaonong.com.

1 Plant characteristics

Platycodon grandiflorum is a perennial herb with white milk throughout the plant. The main roots are spindle-shaped, less branched; stems glabrous, usually not branched or slightly branched; impellers, opposite or alternate, leaf blade ovate to lanceolate, glabrescent underneose; flowers 1 to several Flowers, corolla broadly campanulate, blue or blue-purple; capsules obovate, 5-valved at the top, mostly brown in flowers; flowering from June to August, fruiting from September to October.

2 Ecological habits

Campanulaceae prefers a cool and humid climate. The suitable temperature range is 10-20 °C, and the optimum temperature is 20 °C. The underground roots are cold-tolerant, and the seedlings sowed in the winter can be overwinter in the open field. The platycodon is afraid of wind damage, and the wind is easy to make the plants fall. Avoid water, the soil is too humid and easy to cause rotten roots. It is suitable for planting in the hilly slopes of half-yin and half-yang below 1100m above sea level. It is better to use sandy loam and humus loam soil with deep, loose, fertile and well-drained soil and rich in phosphorus and potassium fertilizer.

3 seedlings breeding and planting

Platycodon grandiflorum is often sown by seed, and can also be transplanted by live or seedling transplanting;

3.1 Seed collection and selection

It is advisable to use the purple platycodon as the main plant variety. The seed selection is generally carried out by selecting the plant, and the planting plant is selected to be a two-year-old stout, pest-free plant. The flowering period of the platycodon is up to 3 months. In order to cultivate excellent seeds, the inflorescences of the small side branches and the top should be cut off from June to July. The nutrients are concentrated to promote the ripening of the central fruit and make the seeds full to improve the seed quality. By September to October, the capsule turns yellow, the stem becomes black from black, and the seeds become black and mature. It should be harvested in time, otherwise the capsule will crack and the seeds will be scattered and difficult to collect. When harvesting, the fruit stems and branches should be cut together. Place the indoor ventilation for 3 to 4 days, then dry and thresh, remove the seeds and impurities, and put them into a clean cloth bag or kraft paper bag for low temperature storage. The life span of platycodon grandiflorum is only 1 year, and the germination rate is about 70%. It is not suitable for seeding in the next year.

3.2 Soaking seeds and germination

Immerse the platycodon grandi seeds in warm water of about 50 °C, stir constantly, let the seeds heat evenly. When the temperature drops to 20 °C, wash with water, remove impurities, continue to soak for 12h with water (or soak seeds with 0.3% potassium permanganate solution for 12h) After washing), mix it with a proper amount of wet sand or mix it with a damp cloth, place it at 25-30 °C, cover it with a wet burlap piece, and pour it with warm water every morning and evening, about 4~5d Seeds can be sown after being exposed to white, which can significantly increase the germination rate.

3.3 Land selection and site preparation

Platycodon grandiflorum is a deep-rooted crop. It should be chosen to be deep, loose and fertile, well drained, and planted with sandy soil rich in humus. Before the sowing, the soil should be deepened more than 30cm. When the soil is prepared, the fertilizer or compost will be 2000kg/667m2, the superphosphate and the oil will be 50kg/667m2, turn into the soil as the base fertilizer, and then level and fine to make the sorghum with a width of 1.3m. The groove width is 40cm, and the bottom of the groove is required to be flat and the drainage is smooth.

3.4 Seeding

Campanulaceae live broadcast can be broadcast in autumn or spring, but it is good to broadcast in autumn. Autumn sowing emerged in the same year, the growth period is long, and the yield and quality are better than spring sowing.

3.4.1 The live broadcast is higher than the transplanting, and the main root is less forked, which is convenient for scraping, good quality and multi-purpose production. The live broadcast is suitable for planting from late October to late November; it can also be broadcast in spring, and no later than the end of March. On the flattened and thin raft surface, the horizontal groove is spread at a row spacing of 20~25cm. The groove depth is 1.5~2cm, the broadcast width is about 10cm, and the bottom of the groove should be flat. Mix 1 part of seed with 10 parts of ash or fine soil before sowing, evenly sprinkle it into the ditch, cover a layer of fine loam, and then cover the grass or cover the sand, keep warm and moisturize. After emergence, seedlings are fixed at a plant spacing of 5 to 6 cm. The amount used is 0.5 to 0.8 kg/667 m2. Autumn sowing is about 2 weeks.

3.4.2 Seedling transplanting and seedlings are carried out in the spring from February to March. Select the sandy loam block that shelters from the wind and the sun (the method of ground preparation is the same as the live broadcast). Sprinkle the seeds evenly into the ditch at a row spacing of 10-15 cm and a depth of 1.5 cm, cover the fine loam 1 cm, and then cover the grass or cover the sand. , heat preservation and moisturizing. When the temperature is between 18 and 25 ° C, the seedlings can be emerged around 15 days, and the grass is removed in time after emergence. When the seedling length is 1.5cm, the seedlings are carried out; when the seedling height is 3~5cm, the seedlings are fixed according to the plant spacing of 3~5cm. After that, the management of the seedling period will be strengthened, and the transplanting will be carried out after 1 year of cultivation. The amount used is 1kg/667m2. This method is convenient for seedling management, saving labor and land, but the main root is not obvious.

The transplanting of the platycodon seedlings was carried out in the autumn and winter when the seedlings were withered in the autumn and winter, and before the germination of the new leaves in the spring of the next year, the transplanting in mid-March was the optimum period. Before transplanting, the roots were excavated and planted according to the classification of large, medium and small. When planting, open the horizontal groove at a row spacing of 15~18cm, the depth is 20cm, and plant the main root vertically into the ditch according to the plant spacing of 5~7cm. Be careful not to damage the roots, and do not cut the lateral roots to avoid the fork and affect the quality; After planting, the soil is slightly higher than the root, and proper close planting is conducive to increasing yield. The basic seedling should be kept at 50,000 plants/667m2.

3.5 root head reproduction

This method can be carried out in the spring or autumn when the platycodon is harvested, and it is better to plant in autumn. In the autumn, when harvesting the platycodon grandiflorum, choose a plant with good development and no pests and diseases. Cut the head from 1cm below the head of the head and mix it with fine fire ash to plant it. This will prevent the infection from decaying and stimulate the section. The cells produce callus, which makes it easy to root after planting. Select the sandy loam with fertile soil, sunny and well-drained soil (the ground preparation method is the same as the live broadcast), and open the horizontal groove on the surface of the shovel 20~25cm, the depth of the ditch is about 10cm, and the reed head is placed at a distance of 10cm. Apply 2 to 3 kg of human and animal manure per ditch, cover the soil, and cover it with no reed head. Do not cover it too thick. Unearthed in the second year of the spring, the average plant can have 2 to 3 buds per plant.

4 Field management

4.1 Autumn seedling management

After the seedlings are released in autumn, it is necessary to remove the grass and pour the thin manure water. When the seedling height is 3 to 5 cm, the soil is shallow and the weeds are removed. In the late November, after the seedlings have withered and frosted, they immediately pour a layer of water and human waste, and cover a layer of soil and fertilizer to protect the roots of the seedlings for safe wintering. In the second spring, from the end of February to the beginning of March, cover the fertilizer to facilitate the emergence of seedlings. After the management is the same as winter and spring.

4.2 Spring seedling management

After the Miaoqi in April, weeding and weeding, the seedlings are too bad, can be combined with top dressing and watering to keep the soil moist. When the seedling height is 3 to 5 cm, the seedlings are taken 1 to 2 times, and the dense seedlings are removed; when the seedling height is 10 to 12 cm, the seedlings are fixed, and 1 seedling is kept at a plant spacing of 6 to 10 cm, and the seedlings, weak seedlings, and diseased seedlings are removed. If there is a shortage of seedlings in the planting area, it is advisable to choose a rainy day to replenish the seedlings.

4.3 cultivating and weeding

Platycodon grandiflorum grows slowly in the early stage and is easy to breed weeds. It should be removed in time to prevent grass damage. The planting area is first watered, and when it is suitable for drying and drying, the soil is loosened once, so as to avoid dry cracking and seeping the ground, resulting in dead seedlings. The cultivating should be carried out when the soil moisture is moderate. After the plants are grown, they can be removed without weeding. Before the rainy season, combine the loose soil to clear the soil to prevent lodging. In the rainy season, the water in the ground is removed in time, otherwise root rot is prone to occur, causing rotten roots.

4.4 Topdressing

In addition to applying the base fertilizer during the preparation of the platycodon grandiflorum, it is necessary to carry out multiple topdressing in the growing season to meet the needs of its growth. After the seedling is fixed, the manure water of the rare animal should be applied once in time; when the seedling height is about 15cm, the superphosphate is 20kg/667m2, the ammonium sulfate is 12kg/667m2, and the ditch is applied between the rows, and the soil is applied after the application. Watering in the dry season; before flowering from June to July, in order to make the plants fully grow, the manure water of the rare animal can be applied once; after the plants in the winter land are withered, the soil can be combined with the Qinggou soil, and the plant wood ash or soil fertilizer can be added. After the spring of the second year of the spring, the manure water is applied once to accelerate the growth of the plant; when it is flowering from June to July, it is applied once again (or 10 kg/667 m2 of urea and 25 kg/667 m2 of superphosphate). Further promote the growth of stems and leaves, flowering and seeding, and provide sufficient nutrients for the growth of the later roots.

4.5 Thinning and fruit thinning

4.5.1 The flowering result of flowering and thinning platycodon grandiflorum consumes a lot of nutrients and affects root growth. In addition to planting the field, thinning and thinning can increase root yield and quality. In production, 0.075% to 0.1% of the phytohormone ethephon can be used, and the flower buds can be sprayed during the full flowering period, and the flower liquid is full of the liquid, and the liquid bud can be achieved by using the liquid 75-100kg/667m2. This method has high efficiency, low cost and safe use, and should be promoted and applied.

4.5.2 Anti-floating two-year-old platycodon grandiflorum plants up to 60 ~ 90cm, generally easy to fall before flowering, can be combined with fertilization after the winter, do a good job of soil cultivation; in the spring of the next year should not apply more nitrogen fertilizer to control stem growth; in 4 ~ Spraying 500 times liquid chlormequat in May will make the plant thicker and reduce lodging.

4.6 Root control

The platycodon product is preferably straight, firm and less rooted. Cultivated platycodon often has many roots that affect the quality of the goods. It has been observed that no matter whether it is live or transplanted platycodon grandiflorum, if one seedling has roots, the growth of the main roots of the seedlings will be affected. On the contrary, the seedlings of one plant will have no roots and roots. Therefore, it is important to ensure that 1 seedling of Campanulaceae is 1 seedling. At the time of daily management, the excess signs are removed at any time, especially when the spring is returned to spring in the second year. At this time, special attention should be paid to remove the excess seedlings. At the same time, more phosphorus fertilizer should be applied and less nitrogen and potassium fertilizer should be applied to prevent the above-ground part. Topping can be done if necessary to reduce nutrient consumption and promote normal root growth.

4.7 Main pest control

4.7.1 When the root nematode disease is damaged, the roots are diseased and the stems and leaves of the shoots are premature. Control method: Apply 100kg/667m2 tea seed cake fertilizer as base fertilizer to reduce the harm; soil disinfection with lime nitrogen or dibromochloropropane before sowing.

4.7.2 Purple plume disease is seriously harmful in mid-September, and the roots rot in October. The affected roots turned red at the beginning, densely reticular red-brown hyphae, and later formed a mung bean-sized purple sclerotium, and the stems and leaves withered and died. Prevention and treatment methods: avoid continuous cropping, carry out rotations; remove the diseased plants and burn them, and 5% lime water disinfection at the points.

4.7.3 Anthrax is prone to morbidity when it is hot and humid from July to August. It spreads rapidly and the plants fall into pieces. The disease mainly affects the base of the stem, and the brown spots appear at the base of the initial stem, gradually expanding to the periphery of the stem, and the diseased part shrinks and the plant falls. Control method: carry out rotation, re-application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer; before the seedlings are unearthed, use 70% anti-bacterial WP 500 times spray to prevent; spray 1:1:100 Bordeaux liquid at the beginning of the disease, spray once every 10d, continuous spray 3 ~4 times.

4.7.4 Ring disease and spot blight The disease mainly affects the leaves. In the early stage of the disease, spray 1:1:100 Bordeaux mixture or 50% carbendazim WP 1000 times, and spray continuously for 2 to 3 times.

5 Harvesting and processing

The harvesting time of the platycodon is different depending on the area, sowing date and use. Generally, it is harvested in the same year or the second year in Sichuan; it should be harvested for 1 to 2 years for food processing, and the crude fiber content for 3 years or more will increase, and the taste will be worse. If it is medicinal, it can be grown for more than 3 years. The harvesting period can be carried out from the end of September to the middle of October or before the germination of the next year. In the autumn, the weight of the harvester is good and the quality is good.

Generally, when the stems and leaves of the ground are withered, the roots are not fully enriched, and the rate of drying is low, which affects the yield; if the harvest is too late, it is not easy to peel. When excavating, use planing to excavate line by line to prevent the main root from being cut. After excavation, the stems and leaves and the head are cut and sent to the processing factory for processing; if it is medicinal, the roots are washed and immersed in water, and the bamboo or glass piece is used to scrape off the surface rough skin, or the peeling machine is used. After peeling, wash, dry or use anthracite to dry and sell. If the platycodon is too much, it can't be processed at one time. Wet sand can be used to prevent the skin from drying and shrinking, which is easy to peel.

The above is the key points of cultivation techniques for platycodon grandiflorum in Sichuan. Farmers in this area can learn more, and farmers in other areas can refer to it!

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