Precocious watermelon interplanting sweet potato cultivation techniques
I. Soil selection Select sandy loam with deep soil and convenient irrigation and drainage. It is advisable to use a plot of land that does not grow melon crops within 3 to 5 years. Second, apply base fertilizer In the process of watermelon ditching, 5000 kg of organic fertilizer is applied to 667 square meters, 20 to 25 kg of three superphosphate or diammonium phosphate, 8 to 10 kg of potash, and organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer are concentrated in the ditch. Third, a reasonable selection Watermelon used varieties with early maturation, strong resistance to wilt disease such as Zhengkang No.3, anti-bearing early Guanlong, Xiyan No.3, etc.; sweet potato used farmland varieties with early maturity, short growth period, and high sugar content. Fourth, ditching, irrigation, filming The center line of the two fertilization ditches at the front of sowing and transplanting was ditched, and the centerline distance was 3.8 to 4 meters. The melon groove is 70 to 80 cm wide, and the depth is 40 cm. The melon groove is required to be straight. After watering, the water line remains the same. The width is 2.7 to 3 meters. After the irrigation, the seedling belt is leveled once a week. The film is laid to increase the temperature. . Fifth, timely sowing 1. Watermelon sowing and nursery In the premise of ensuring that watermelon seedlings are not affected by frost damage, sowing as early as possible. There are two ways to grow early-season watermelons in our area: live direct seeding and greenhouse seedlings. 1 Live sowing time in the open on April 20 or so. 2 Greenhouse Seedlings The young seedlings are quick and quick after planting, and the early maturation effect is obvious. The benefits are also relatively high. In the greenhouse heating conditions, the use of nutrients (diameter 9 cm) for rapid seedlings, usually in late March sowing. Specific indicators of seedlings: seedling age 30 to 40 days, seedlings height 12 cm, stem 0.5 cm thick, 3 to 4 true leaves, leaf hypertrophy, and with two robust cotyledons, no pests, roots developed. Several points in the process of watermelon seedling care: Seedlings, seedlings, the main task of this period is to increase the temperature, prompting the emergence of seedlings. The temperature is controlled at 28 to 30°C and the night temperature cannot be lower than 20°C. 50%~2 cotyledons of seedlings are fully developed. This period is the fastest time for the hypocotyl to extend. The temperature is too high and it will lead to high seedlings. Therefore, this period requires low temperature management. The daytime temperature is controlled at 20~25°C and nighttime. Keep at 15 °C, not lower than 10 °C. And properly ventilated. Two cotyledons spread out two leaves and one heart. At this stage, the growth of hypocotyls basically stopped and the temperature increased accordingly to promote the growth of seedlings. The growth was maintained at 25 to 28°C during the day and 18 to 20°C during the night, and the temperature was adjusted by ventilation. 2 leaves 1 heart before planting, the main hardening seedlings to improve the survival rate after transplanting. One week before colonization, no watering, promote root growth, improve resistance to cold, drought, and disease resistance. Spray 800 times thiophanate-methyl or carbendazim the day before transplantation to prevent the emergence of leaf blight and disease. 2. Sweet potato seedling raising technology Choose disease-free, robust, bright and smooth skin color, uniform size, single block weight 150 to 200 grams of potato. Nursery can be used greenhouse nursery, fire hoe nursery, the sun storage temperature breeding bed breeding and other methods. In our district, the method of raising the temperature of the sun by brewing the hot bed before and after March 20 is used. Specific techniques: The seedbed is oriented east and west, the length of which depends on the needs of nursery and the site, generally 3 to 5 meters in length and 2 to 3 meters in width. The surrounding structure can be set according to the shape of the greenhouse. The height of the back wall is about 1.2 meters. Build vents and use brickwork ventilation at the bottom to allow the brewing of the brewing beds to be lifted to facilitate drainage. The broilers adopt fresh cows, horses and sheep manures. The broilers should add appropriate amount of water to facilitate decomposition and fermentation. Specific practice: the bottom of the bed with a wooden stick, top 15 cm wheat straw or soft crop stalks, then shop 15 cm thick cattle, horses, sheep manure, after 2 to 3 days of fever, open the vents to exclude ammonia, and then in Fill it with 20cm of sandy soil with good permeability and fertile soil. Place the seed potatoes in a 45-degree order on the seedbed, spacing 20cm, plant spacing 5cm, cover with fine sandy soil (appropriate cover sweet potatoes), then Sprinkle water, buckle up the shed. The daytime temperature is controlled at about 25°C and 18 to 20°C at night. Early water control, after unearthing of potato seedlings, watering once every 7 days, when the potato seedlings grow to 15 to 20 cm, during the day air conditioning hardening seedlings, potato seedlings can be 25 cm when the seedlings transplanted, not to transplanting time , can be used for hypodermic standby. This method of raising seedlings, large amount of seedlings, easy to grasp the temperature and humidity, a short time seedlings, potato root volume, easy to transplant than the transplanted seedlings survive. Sixth, reasonable close planting 1. Watermelon planting Groove watermelon plant spacing 0.4 ~ 0.45 meters, per hectare Liumiao 12000 ~ 13500 strains. Transplanting the watermelon sowing, drilling according to the water level line, when the melon seedlings transplanted, the first nest irrigation steady water, after sealing the soil, fill enough water. Live mulching films were sown 3 days after filming. 2. Sweet potato transplanting In the period of watermelon planting, sweet potatoes can be planted. Prematurely, the sweet potato leaves are luxuriant, affecting the ventilation and light transmission, and the yield of the former pod watermelon is reduced; too late, the growth period of the sweet potato is shortened and the yield is reduced. Sweet potatoes were planted on the ridge slope between the two watermelons near the surface of the crop. Each sweet potato was planted with 1 sweet potato, and sweet potatoes were planted with 6 000 to 6750 plants per hectare. After the sweet potato is planted, it is timely filled with water to facilitate rooting and ensure the survival rate of the seedlings. Seven, watermelon before harvest management 1. Watermelon pruning The use of double vine pruning and vine-climbing on the head allows the guava to be evenly distributed and increase the photosynthetic efficiency. Crushed vines mainly play a role in preventing wind and solid vines, regulating vegetative growth and reproductive growth. Generally, land pressure is adopted, and land with no earthworms is used for cross-inserting into soil to fix guava. Precocious watermelon in the extension of the flowering period appropriate water control to prevent madness. During the fruit enlargement period, water and fertilizer management was strengthened, and fruit enlargement was promoted. The results of the 2nd female flower of the main vine were mainly combined with irrigation of 667 square meters of 15-20 kg of ammonium diphosphate and 15 kg of urea to ensure the yield and quality of the fruit crystals. 2. Sweet potato topping and vine Sweet potato generally grows slowly in the early stage. For fields with sufficient fertilizer and water, and the growth of sweet potato stems and leaves is vigorous, when the stems and leaves grow to about 30 cm, take measures such as topping, lifting vines, and turning hoe to regulate the operation of nutrients and control the shoots and leaves of the shoots. Stretching to improve the lighting conditions in the field to facilitate the transfer of nutrients to the underground roots. Eight, after the watermelon harvest management 1. Watermelon harvested and listed Precocious watermelon can be matured after 28 to 30 days after flowering. Seedling watermelon is listed before and after June 20, and the live film of watermelon is listed in early July. Immediately after harvest, the quails were cleared to ensure normal growth of the yam. 2. Management of branches and potatoes After clearing the vines, sweet potatoes enter the vigorous growth period of stems and leaves, and 667 square meters of phosphorus, potassium compound fertilizer 10 to 15 kilograms, strengthen water and fertilizer management, irrigation should grasp the principle of a small number of times to keep the surface moist, but not water. Prosperous yam pods must be diligently twisted to prevent stem rooting and promote tuber enlargement. 3. The long-term management of tubers Irrigation should be appropriate, due to the lower temperature in the middle and later periods, the air humidity is relatively high, the irrigation volume is generally required to reach 2/3 of the ditch, prevent excessive water, resulting in a decline in the commodity rate of sweet potatoes. 4. Sweet potato harvest The market can be harvested when the temperature drops to 18°C, and harvesting by stages can be carried out in early September. Harvesting is early and the price is high, but the yield is low. Sweet potatoes were harvested before the early frost came. In daily life, some residents have installed video surveillance at the building crossing in front of the door for their own safety, but some neighbors believe that the installation of surveillance cameras in public areas violates personal privacy and require removal.
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