Several pear varieties that perform well in China
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Pear is a pear cultivar of the United Kingdom, Italy, Australia, and the United States. Its characteristic is that when the fruit is harvested, the texture of the fruit is hard and cannot be eaten directly. It usually takes 7 days to 10 days after the ripening period under the greenhouse, and the fruit becomes soft after eating. Western pear fruit is soft and juicy, with aroma and quality. Introduction and Cultivation in China In the 1970s, Pear, a pear cultivar of the Western world, was introduced into Yantai City, Shandong Province, China. At the beginning of the 20th century, Shandong Province and Beijing Municipality began introducing and sporadic cultivation. In the 1920s and 1930s, the provinces of Liaoning, Henan, Shandong, and Shanxi introduced bali, lychee, and May fresh varieties; after the 1990s, Shandong, Liaoning, Beijing, Shanxi, and other provinces (cities) introduced red pears one after another. , Red Comes, Hong Anjiu, Red Coombs and other red varieties. At present, the varieties of pears cultivated on the production include Early Red Comites, Rosada, August Red, Red Clapps, Cessson, Abate, Red Baba, Shanyou, Anjiu, Guiqi, etc., Shandong, Liaoning. , Beijing, Henan, Shanxi and other provinces (cities) cultivation area of ​​about 2,000 hectares, the annual output of about 50,000 tons. Several Pear Varieties Introduction Morning Red Comites British Breeds. Fruit gourd-shaped, average fruit weight 248g, fruit skin full purple, fruit surface smooth and shiny, white flesh, thin meat, soft and juicy, sweet flavor, with aroma, superior quality, soluble solids content of 13.6%, at room temperature It can be stored for 7 days to 10 days. It is an early maturing variety with strong adaptability to pear black spot disease. Rosada Italian variety. The fruit is conical, with an average fruit weight of 270 grams. The background of the peel is yellowish-green, with bright red on the sunny side. The coloring area accounts for 50% of the fruit surface. The fruit surface is smooth and shiny, and the waxiness is numerous. The fruit is medium in size, the pulp is white and the meat is fine. , soft and juicy, sweet flavor, aroma, quality, soluble solids content of 15.4%, is a late-maturing variety. August red early pear and early short pear hybrids. The fruit is ovoid, with an average fruit weight of 233 grams. The peel has a pale yellow color, a sunny red surface, a creamy white flesh, fine and crisp flesh, lots of sap, sweet flavor, rich aroma and superior quality. The soluble solids content is 12.9%. Medium-maturing varieties. Red Clapps Italian variety. Fruit gourd-shaped, average fruit weight 200 grams, fruit skin full purple, fruit surface smooth and shiny, waxy, white flesh, thin meat, soft juice, sweet and sour taste, with a rich aroma, excellent flavor, superior quality , soluble solids content of 13.5%, is a medium-maturing variety. Seisson Italian variety. Fruit gourd-shaped, average fruit weight 260 grams, peel yellowish, light sunny side to the sun surface, smooth and shiny fruit surface, more waxy, fruit stalk at a little rust, white flesh, tender meat, juice, slightly Sour taste, superior quality, soluble solids content of 18.2%, is a medium-maturing variety. Abate originates from France and was introduced from Italy. Fruit long-necked gourd-shaped fruit, average fruit weight 415g, green skin, light blush on the sunny side, greenish yellow after ripening, smooth fruit surface, waxy, milky white flesh, sweet flavor, aroma, soluble solids content 13.3% are medium-maturing varieties. The red buds of red pears and pears are changed, the American variety. The fruit has a round neck gourd shape with an average fruit weight of 245 g. The fruit skin is dark red. The coloring area accounts for 70% of the fruit surface. The fruit surface is smooth and glossy. The waxiness is high, the pulp is milky white, the meat is thin, soft and juicy, and the flavor is sweet. Aromatic, superior quality, soluble solids content of 13.5%, is a medium-maturing variety. Lianyou Liaoning Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Liaoning Province. Fruit cone-shaped, average fruit weight 180 grams, light yellow skin, after the ripening consequences of the skin color yellow, smooth and shiny fruit surface, waxy, white flesh, fine meat, juice, quality, soluble solids content 12.9%. It is a late-maturing variety with strong adaptability, disease resistance and insect resistance. Problems that should be paid attention to in cultivation Climatic conditions Suitable conditions for the cultivation of Pear varieties are: the average annual temperature is 10°C-14°C, the average temperature in January is not lower than -6°C, and the annual precipitation is 450-950mm. Cultivation and management Western pear varieties have high requirements for fertilizer and water, and attention should be paid to the management of fertilizer and water. Storage and transportation of pear fruit can only be stored for 7 days to 10 days at room temperature after harvest, after which the fruit begins to soften and it is difficult to store and transport it. Therefore, cultivation of pears requires storage cold storage.