South China autumn and winter mustard cultivation techniques

Kale, also known as kale, is a herbaceous plant of the genus Brassica. It is one of the special vegetables in South China. It is rich in nutrients and is an ideal health vegetable. Kale can be grown in most parts of southern China, but it is mainly cultivated in autumn and winter. To achieve high yield in production, the following must be done:

First, the variety selection

In the early autumn, it is advisable to use medium-early-ripe hybrid kale varieties such as Shunbao kale and sapling kale, or conventional varieties of Chinese kale. These varieties have relatively short growth period and good heat resistance, and most of them are harvested by single moss. For wintering cultivation, it is preferred to use late flowering kale or crude moss kale, etc. These varieties have a long growth period, good growth at low temperature, good quality, and can harvest side moss at the right time after harvesting a single moss.

Second, the plot selection

Chinese kale is a kind of vegetable with strong aerobic roots. Therefore, the cultivation of Chinese kale should be made of neutral or slightly acidic sandy loam or soil block with convenient soil drainage and deep soil.

Third, cultivate strong seedlings

1. Conditional peat soil or coco peat can be used as seedless seedlings. 72-well plug seedlings should be used. If there is no soil-free seedling condition, it can be self-contained with nutritious soil. Use 6 parts of sterile fertilizer soil and 4 parts of fully-fertilized farmyard manure to be piled together. Add 2 kg of ternary compound fertilizer per cubic meter and mix well to spread in the nursery. Or put seedling trays.

2, sowing: nursery nursery or nursery tray pouring foot water, seedling tray using on-demand, 1 ~ 2 capsules per hole, seedlings used in the seedlings, 10 grams per square meter seedling bed, per mu production field needs nursery bed 20 square meters, covered with dry fine soil 0.3 to 0.5 cm after sowing.

3. Covered with black gauze after sowing, it plays the role of shading and moisturizing. After the cotyledons are unearthed, the black gauze is removed in time, but generally it is not possible to water. At this time, the humidity of the nursery soil should be appropriately reduced to prevent the seedlings from growing into tall seedlings.

4, and time seedlings, seedlings seedlings to ensure a hole in a plant, seedling bed seedlings to maintain seedling spacing of 3 cm, excess nails to drop growth points.

5, keep the surface of the ground moist, pay attention to prevent seedling stage collapse and jumping armor, Plutella xylostella damage growth point.

Fourth, colonization

1, canola blue general seedling age 22 ~ 25 days can be planted.

2. Site preparation: 2,500-3,000 kg of fully-fertilized pig manure or chicken manure per acre, 50 kg of superphosphate, 25 kg of potassium sulphate compound fertilizer, deep ploughing, and 1.5-2.0 m wide. The deep ditch is high.

3. Planting density: The row spacing of medium and early maturing varieties is 2025 cm, and the row spacing of mid-late maturing varieties is 2530 cm. After planting, the planting water is poured, and the black gauze should be covered in the early autumn, which is beneficial to slow seedlings. When wintering, it should be selected for sunny planting, and high temperature can promote slow seedlings.

V. Field management

1. Watering: Chinese kale prefers moist soil conditions, but it is not resistant to cockroaches. When planting, it must be poured through fixed root water to promote new roots to quickly restore growth. Generally, the relative humidity of the soil in the field should be kept at full water holding capacity. 80% to 90%. If the leaves are bright green, oily, and waxy, it is a good indicator of sufficient water growth. If the leaves are small, the color is dim, and the wax powder is more, it is the performance of water shortage, and it should be watered in time.

2. Topdressing: In the early stage, mainly the quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer was adopted, and the method of applying with water or roots was adopted. Pay attention to a small number of times. More than 15 days before harvesting, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers were mainly used, supplemented by leaf surface application of organic ecological fertilizer. . Of course, every time you fill the fertilizer, you must water it in time.

3, cultivating and cultivating soil: the cultivation of kale is most avoiding the stagnation of the soil. It is very important to maintain the permeability of the root. Therefore, it should be cultivated in time. In order to ensure that the root system of broccoli is not damaged during cultivating, it can be appropriately applied to the root during cultivating. earth.

Sixth, pest control

1. Disease: Kale rarely occurs, but the main disease of kale in the old vegetable area is downy mildew, and sclerotinia can occur in some places. In the early stage of downy mildew, 50% dimethomorph wettable powder 2500-3000 times liquid, 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder 500-800 times liquid or 65% daikon zinc wettable powder 500-700 times liquid spray, Once every 7 days, 2 to 3 times in a row. In the early stage of the sclerotinia disease, 50% thiophanate-methyl WP 500 times solution or 25% carbendazim WP 500 times solution is sprayed once every 7 days for 2 to 3 times.

2. Pests: Common insect pests include jumping armor, cabbage caterpillar, diamondback moth, leaf miner and aphid.

The main pests are the armor and the diamondback moth. In particular, the prevention and control of the jumping armor is the most important. It is advisable to adopt comprehensive prevention and control. The old vegetable area or the large-area leafy vegetable growing area must kill most of the adult beetle before planting. , Jia Haoqing and other drug sprays, can also be used 5% of chlorpyrifos granules per acre of 1 kg mixed soil. Pay special attention to the prevention and control of the larvae of the jumping armor. The larvae of the jumping armor are the roots of the kale, which are often caused by poor plant growth or wilting of the plants shortly after planting, resulting in irregular growth or lack of seedlings in the kale field, and abnormal growth. White larvae can be seen in the plants and can be treated with 4.5% beta-cypermethrin 800 times. The difficulty in the control of Plutella xylostella is because of its strong drug resistance, it can be used in rotation or mixed with drugs such as Ruijinte, Caixi, Digestive, Awei Salt, Avermectin + BT.

3, can not use high-toxic, high-residue pesticides, the use of pesticides during harvesting should pay attention to the safety interval.

Seven, harvest

The kale of Chinese kale includes cilantro and medlar. In the process of the formation of medlar, the growth of eucalyptus leaves is dominant in the early stage, and the growth of medlar is dominant in the later stage. The stolons are thicker, the internodes are sparse, the leaves are few and tender, and they are high-quality vegetables. In order to ensure quality, it must be harvested at the right time. The standard of harvesting is the period of the mouth, that is, the stem of the kale is roughly at the same height as the blade of the base, and the flower is harvested when it is open and not open, and the quality is the best.

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