Bitter gourd cultivation points and management techniques
First, planting seedlings Different varieties of bitter gourd can be broadcast from mid-February until mid-July. Due to its thick seed coat, it can be soaked in warm water of 50-60°C for 10 minutes before sowing, stirring constantly, and then immersed in ordinary water for 12 hours. After germination, it can be germinated at 30-35°C, and after 2-3 exposure, it can be ordered on-demand. The seedling period is about 20-30 days. Spring bitter gourd can take a small arch shed insulation, summer broadcast bitter gourd can be broadcast live, but seedling transplanting seedlings easy to manage. Second, timely planting When the seedlings had 3 to 4 true leaves, they were selected for sunny afternoon colonization. Generally 2 meters wide, planted double rows, spacing 30 to 35cm, 2 plants per hole. Shortening the growth period of summer bitter gourd can appropriately increase the density. Because the bitter gourd seedlings are delicate, they should not be planted tightly. After planting, they should be planted with water so that they can quickly resume their growth. Bitter gourd avoid continuous cropping, can take the way between the kind of leafy vegetables. Third, field management 1, pruning lead vine bitter gourd dominated by the main vine melon, to remove side vines in time, such as fertilizer and water conditions are good, late can stay a few side vines. When the main vine grows to 1 meter, it will take care of both sides of the vine. When balsam pears are accompanied by long tendrils, they must be taken in a hurry or arched shed in time to lead them in sunny afternoons. And properly cut off the old leaves, yellow leaves, and diseased leaves of the plant base for ventilation. 2. Reasonable fertilization of bitter gourd has the characteristics of resistance to fertilization and impatience. It is necessary to apply sufficient basic fertilizer, generally 1200 to 1500 kilograms of farm manure in Mushi, and 25 to 30 kilograms of superphosphate. The top dressing was applied three times during the whole growing season; the plants began to show the first fertilizer when the male flower appeared; the second time after the start of the result; and the third time after entering the full fruit period after the first harvest. Each time Mushi compound fertilizer 25 kilograms. 3, timely irrigation and bitter gourd enter the growing season should pay attention to high temperature and dry season watering in time, the rainy season should pay attention to drainage, so as not to accumulate water, causing burning root. IV. Pest Control 1. The main disease of diseased bitter gourd is anthrax. The diseased plants were found to be timely removed and sprayed with 50% anthraquinone or 50% thiophanate WP 500 times, every 5 to 7 days, for 3 to 4 consecutive times. 2. The main insect pests of bitter gourd are cockroach, fruit fly and aphid. (1) The control of aphids can be sprayed with 40% dicofol 1000 times solution to spray the leaves; (2) Controlling the fruit fly can be killed by 25% of the speed killing 8000 times; (3) Control of aphids with 50% dimethoate 600 times spraying The back of the leaf. V. Harvesting Harvesting should be timely, generally about 12 to 15 days after flowering, and the fruits can be harvested when they are fully grown. Bitter gourd can be stored for 20 to 30 days at a temperature of 1 to 2°C and a relative humidity of 85 to 90%.
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