Chinese herbal medicine planting and management
The variety of plants that can be used as medicinal plants is very diverse and widely distributed. Their biological characteristics are different, and there are strict requirements for the ecological environment and planting techniques. Therefore, a series of technical measures must be taken in production in order to obtain high quality and high output. Including land selection and site preparation, irrigation and drainage, fertilization, weeding, weeding, and pruning. First, the election and preparation Most medicinal plants grow on loam with good soil structure, loose fertility, neutral pH, and well-drained soil. However, some traditional Chinese medicines such as ginseng and Huanglian are grown in humus-rich forest humus; Atractylodes macrocephala, fritillaria, cinnamon, wolfberry fruit, etc. grow in acidic or slightly acidic soils; alfalfa, licorice, and northern sea cucumber, etc. Hi grow in alkaline soil; Vitex, North Adenophora, etc. like to grow on the beach near the river. Therefore, according to the plant's own growth habits and biological characteristics, according to local conditions, select the appropriate soil cultivation. Before planting, the soil must be ploughed and then leveled and used for rakes or ridges. Appropriate deep plowing can increase yield, especially for deep-rooted Chinese medicines such as Codonopsis, Angelica, and Achyranthes. Deep plowing combined with fertilization, especially the application of organic manure, can not only promote the improvement of soil physical properties, but also can accelerate soil maturation and improve soil fertility. The method of cultivation depends on the nature of plant growth and the area and terrain. Sorghum is usually 15-20cm taller than the sulcus. Roots and underground stems are used for medicinal plants, and rainfloods, low-lying areas, and poorly drained sorghum are used. The flat surface, the surface and the trail are level, and the surrounding area is made into a small soil. The water retention is better. It is suitable for areas with low groundwater level, deep soil layer and good drainage. The low-lying area is approximately 10-15cm below the footpath. Low-level groundwater levels, dry areas, and hi moist medicinal plants are often used. II. Irrigation and drainage Water is the basic condition for plant growth. When the natural rainfall is insufficient, artificial watering is required. The period when most plants need water is the period of rapid growth of stems. Flowers and fruit-like medicinal plants are generally not suitable for watering during flowering and fruit ripening, otherwise they are liable to cause falling and fruiting. When there is too much rain, drain it in time. Especially for root and underground stem medicinal plants should pay more attention, otherwise it is easy to cause rot. For perennial medicinal plants, in order to be able to safely pass through the winter, there will be no freezing damage due to winter drought, and a "frozen water" should be poured before the land is frozen. Third, fertilization Fertilizers can be divided into organic fertilizers and inorganic fertilizers, which means farm fertilizers and chemical fertilizers. Organic manure includes animal manure, cake manure, manure fertilizer, compost, fire and earth ash, and green manure. It is characterized by slow and long-lasting fertilizer, complete nutrient, and can significantly increase organic matter in the soil and improve soil structure. It is generally used as a basal fertilizer to supply the entire growing period of the plant. Among them, manure and compost were mostly ploughed into the soil before late autumn or early spring soil preparation; while cake manure was planted or planted before sowing or planting. For planting root and underground stem medicinal plants, organic fertilizer should be applied more. Inorganic fertilizers are characterized by fast decomposition and are easily absorbed by plants. They are fast-acting fertilizers and are generally top-dressed during plant growth. Planting 1-2 years old and all-purpose medicinal plants, more nitrogen fertilizer should be applied at the seedling stage to promote the growth of stems and leaves; in the late growth stage, phosphorus and potash fertilizer should be used. Perennial and root and underground stem medicinal plants, the frequency of topdressing is less, generally after the first time the top dressing should begin to grow in the spring, the second time before flowering, the third time after flowering, winter will be re-applied "paraffin"; Woody flowers, fruits, seeds, medicinal plants, fertilizers should be applied together with organic fertilizers before the fall trees enter the dormancy period. Because of the nutrient required for the tree to sprout, grow, and flower in the early spring, it mainly depends on the organic nutrients stored in the tree in the previous year. Because the accumulation of nutrients in the tree is carried out after the new shoots stop growing and the fruits are harvested, applying the quick-acting fertilizers, especially nitrogen fertilizers, in the fall will increase the photosynthetic efficiency of the leaves, increase the ability of the roots to absorb and synthesize nutrients, and increase the capacity of the tree body. Accumulation of nutrients lays a material foundation for the next year's bumper production and is a very important measure. Fourth, weeding and weeding The cultivator can loosen the soil, increase the ability of the soil to retain water and nutrients, and promote the development of the plant's root system; weeding can not only reduce unnecessary consumption of nutrients, but also allow plants to receive sufficient light and prevent the spread and spread of pests and diseases. Therefore, weeding requirements are not only net, thorough, and timely, but also do not hurt the principle of plant roots. For the root system of medicinal plants such as Yanhusuo, Aster, Shegan, Fritillaria, etc., which are distributed on the surface of the soil, shallow loose soil is required. For deep root plants such as Achyranthes bidentis, Codonopsis pilosula, peony root, white peony, etc., the cultivator should be deep in the cultivator. Some medicinal plants must be combined with earth after weeding and weeding. Scrophulariaceae soil can protect the bud head; Pinellia soil can promote rooting; shoot dry soil can prevent lodging; Huanglian will have annual soil, making it possible to form stem sections each year, was "chicken-shaped". Fifth, shaping and trimming The purpose of shaping is to cultivate woody plants such as flowers, fruits and seeds, so that they have solid branches and a wide area of ​​flowering results. Through pruning, branches are evenly distributed, and full use is made of space ventilation and lighting to create three-dimensional results inside and outside the canopy, in order to achieve high yields and stable production for successive years. Such as hawthorn, magnolia, lime, etc. According to different growth and habits of results, can be cut into a natural happy-shaped or evacuation layered and other high yield tree. The pruning of juvenile trees should generally focus on cultivating the main branches of the tree crown to enable early entry into the fruiting period to form early yields; for the adult tree, it should promote strong and substantial vegetative shoots and fruiting branches each year. Outcome capacity; For older trees, emphasis should be placed on renewal of shoots to restore growth and enhance the ability to produce results. Shaping is achieved through pruning. Any cross-branches, leggy branches, dense-branched branches, pests and branches disturbing the tree should be cut off in time to avoid continual spreading and consumption of nutrients. For spring flowering plants, flower buds are mostly formed on the first-year-old shoots. Therefore, winter should not be re-cut, such as ebony, magnolia, hawthorn, etc., can only be cut off in the dormant period without shoot bud, until the flowering results can be trimmed to promote the emergence of new shoots, the formation of the second year of fruiting branches. Plants that bloom on the branches of the year, such as Hibiscus, Chinese rose, rose, lycium, etc., can be recut in the dormant period to promote multiple shoots and produce more fruit. Pruning during the growing season uses measures such as topping, topping, brushing, and flower buds to promote more branches or reduce unnecessary consumption of nutrients, thereby increasing the yield per plant. If chrysanthemum is to be topped, atractylodes macrocephala has to be used to remove buds, platycodon is required to remove flowers, and aconite is to be used to remove lateral buds.
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