How to cultivate mushrooms? Method for cultivating shiitake mushrooms in eucalyptus in Guangxi
Through the production of edible fungi, things that are not eaten by humans can be converted into high-quality foods, reducing the pollution of the wastes to the environment, opening up a virtuous cycle of agricultural materials and comprehensive utilization, the virtuous cycle of edible fungi production and the ways of comprehensive utilization. . First, mushroom cultivation Shiitake mushroom is the best food of the oriental people. Artificial cultivation began more than 800 years ago by Longquan people Wu Sangong. The “cut flower technique†he pioneered is still used in a few mountainous areas. Since the 1960s, the technique of inoculation of segmental wood has been gradually promoted. After the 1980s, the method of substituting cultivation was vigorously promoted. This is the creation of scientific and technological personnel and the masses, and it is an epoch-making revolution. Mushrooms can use cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, nitrogenous substances, and minerals as nutrients for their growth and development. The hyphae can grow at 5-32 °C, preferably at 25-27 °C, and the primordium formation requires day-night temperature difference stimulation above 8-12 °C. The mushroom can be normally produced in the range of 5-24 °C, and the development temperature varies with the variety. The water content of mushroom wood in the germination stage is required to be 45% to 50%; the water content in the culture department is 60%, and the air humidity should be kept at 85% when the mushroom is produced. Lentinus hyphae grows without light, and strong light inhibits growth and promotes aging, but requires some light stimulation during solid formation and development. There is no mushroom in the dark, and the mushroom is deformed under the weak light. Second, the section of the wood cultivation of mushrooms 1. Establishment of the mushroom farm The quality of the mushroom farm directly affects the yield and quality of the mushroom. It should be used to establish a good mushroom field with natural conditions. The mushroom farm site can be selected according to the following points: (1) There are many trees around the mushroom. Easy to cut, transport and not easily damage the bark. (2) The mountain is located north to south or southeast, and it is warm in winter and cool in summer. There is a breeze. Drained well but not ventilated or sheltered. (3) Close to the water source. It is convenient to take water and the site can be wet and dry. (4) The tree is tall and leafy. Shade is good, no leaves in winter, can guarantee the presence of variegated sunlight, Sanyang and Yinyin at the turn of spring and summer. If the natural shade is not enough, you can also adjust the artificial shade. In the cultivation of the voyage to clean the mushroom field, first remove the weeds, small shrubs and fallen leaves, then properly dry, open the drainage ditch, the field side to sprinkle some lime and insecticides to prevent insects. 2. Mushroom tree selection In addition to pine, cedar, alfalfa, nan, alfalfa and other ancient bactericidal species, the other broad-leaved trees can be used to cultivate shiitake mushrooms, but the bark is thicker, the skin is tightly adhered, not easy to burst and peel, the heartwood is small, and the sapwood Thick-leaved, hard-growing, nutrient-rich broad-leaved trees are better for cultivating mushrooms. There are many trees that can grow mushrooms in Guangxi. Commonly, there are Cyclobalanopsis glauca, Cyclobalanopsis glauca, Rice Cone, Liquidambar, Rice Cabinet, Yam, and Winter Peach. The diameter is best at 12-20 cm. 3. Segment wood cultivation mushroom process Cut trees - cut sections - inoculation - pile up - management of the period of bacteria - loose pile racks - buds - mushroom management - harvesting processing - summer management - next year out mushroom 4. Tree cutting stage time and drying requirements In general, cut trees and mushrooms. It can be carried out before the germination of the deciduous spring in the winter tree. In Guangxi, the winter to winter solstice is better, when the trees are in a dormant stage. More nutrients are accumulated. The air is dry and the temperature is suitable for the growth of shiitake mushroom hyphae, which is conducive to the germination and colonization of shiitake mushroom strains. It is not easily attacked by pests and diseases, and has a high success rate. In order to protect the ecological balance and protect the water source forest, the tree should not be cut. Can be thinned, cut big and stay small, cut off the secret. Low roots into trees, do not cut the branches immediately after cutting down. After 10 to 20 days, the water evaporates and the leaves fall to cut off. Leave 5 cm. After the branch is removed, the section can be cut, each section is 1-1.2 meters long, and the limestone is applied to the fracture to prevent the intrusion of bacteria. Put the segment in the mushroom field, carefully carry it, do not hurt the bark; release it according to the size of the specification, and dry it until the water content is 40% to 50% (the knife will not cut out the water with a knife). For trees with strong regeneration ability and easy germination, it is better to dry them, and it is not easy to bud again. But the tree tissue cells must die completely. 5. Vaccination Guangxi should be carried out from December to mid-January, and 10 to 20 days after tree cutting. (1) strain preparation; foreign use of wood truffles. Hibiscus mycelium or liquid seed, while China currently mainly uses hibiscus medium to produce cultivars. The strain must be prepared before inoculation, and the fine cuts can be selected according to the following two points: 1 to choose the "warm" variety suitable for local cultivation, according to the most suitable temperature of the mushroom can be divided into low temperature type (15 ° C below the mushroom is good), medium temperature type (17-20 ° C good mushroom ), high temperature type (more than 22 ° C above the mushroom) three varieties. In the cold and mountainous areas, the winter and spring are cold and cold-selling. In the winter of southern Guangxi, it is better to use high-temperature or medium-temperature varieties. In most areas of Guangxi, medium-temperature varieties should be used. The varieties are suitable for selection, and the high yield and high quality of the mushrooms can obtain high economic benefits. 7 to choose high-quality cultivars with strong vigor: strains in bags or bottles. Both require white silk, evenly distributed, and prosperous. The fresh taste is positive, the internal hyphae are dense and not loose. The surface of the bottle mouth has brown-brown fungus, but no bacterial infection, and there is no yellow water or shrinkage at the bottom of the bottle. If the fungus is removed with a sterile wire hook and re-sealed at 22-25 ° C for about 3 days, white shiitake mushroom hyphae will grow at the wound. The strain should be kept clean and cool and kept for use. (2) Inoculation tool: a puncher (hammer) made of general belt punching. The belt punch has a closed compartment of 12 to 13 mm and is directly welded or riveted to a 1.5-2.0 kg iron drop. It can also be drilled with an I 0 mm electric drill. In addition, a belt with a diameter larger than 2 mm of the puncher is used for the leather cover. (3) Inoculation technology 1 hole (punching, eye-catching): use a puncher to drill holes directly into the wood, the depth of the hole is 1.5 to 1.8 cm, the straight hole is 10-20 cm, and the horizontal hole is 5-8 cm. It is arranged in a plum shape. Increase the number of holes at both ends of the section and at the mouth of the section. Use the inoculation advantage to inhibit the infection of the bacteria. The large-diameter section has a dense hole in the wood, and the small-diameter wood hole is sparse. The season is early and appropriate, and the season is late and appropriate to ensure good mushrooms in the first year. Generally, the inoculated mushrooms are early, the mushrooms are more effective, the mushroom bodies are small, and timely inoculation is advocated, which is reasonably densely planted, high-yield and high-quality. 2 Inoculation: According to the operation of running water, after one person finishes a piece of wood, the second person will inoculate it in a special way. If the hole is not dry and the sludge dust is stained, the wooden piece can be filled and cut. Pay attention to keep the hands and the picking tools clean, remove the hardened skin and primordial roots, remove the yellow-white hibiscus mycelium, and fill it into the holes carefully, so that the bacteria are as close as possible to the hole wall. Don't overdo it, don't break it into powder and squeeze out the juice. Empty the leather, then cover the bark that was previously punched with a belt, gently pat it with a hammer, seal with the flat, do not fall off. It is not possible to cover with the wood particles that are removed when the hole is punched. Fever Thermometer,non contact thermometer,Infrared Forehead Digital Thermometer: Thermometer Shenzhen Urion Technology Co., Ltd. , https://www.urionhealth.com
