How to cultivate organic celery? Need to choose this species, nursery and field management
Celery has always been a very popular vegetable, with high nutritional value and edible value, but in daily life many growers in order to obtain high yield, high fertilizer and high pesticide operation during planting. The safety of most of the purchased celery on the market is hidden. So how can we grow organic celery? The following small series will tell you about the cultivation techniques in detail. First, the variety selection Overwintering celery and spring and summer celery should choose Chunfeng, Qingshen Qin, Shiqin No.1, Kaifeng glass crisp celery and other varieties with strong cold resistance, strong winter, long twitching, strong growth, high yield and excellent quality; summer and autumn celery And autumn celery should choose white celery, Ventura, Jinnan real celery, Kaifeng glass crisp celery and other varieties with strong heat resistance, strong disease resistance, strong growth, high yield and excellent quality. Second, sowing seedlings 1. Determining the sowing period The spring and summer celery in the Yangtze River Basin is generally carried out in the greenhouse from mid-February to mid-March, or in the open field from late March to early April; the summer and autumn celery is broadcast live from mid-April to mid-May. Autumn celery is planted in the shade shed from late May to late August; winter celery is broadcast live or sowed in mid-September to early October. 2. The seedbed is prepared to choose the soil that is rich in organic matter, loose and fertile, and has good irrigation and drainage conditions as the nursery seedbed. Apply 3 000 kilograms of fully decomposed pig manure per acre, then intensively plow the soil, and make it deep by 2 meters. The ditch is high. In the cold season, seedlings should be covered with plastic film in time to keep the greenhouse warm. In the hot season, seedlings should be planted in time to build a shade shelter. 3. Soaking seeds and germination First, celery seeds are placed in the refrigerator's freezer for 3 to 4 days to promote germination. Before germination, sterilize with warm water of 55-60 °C for 15 to 20 minutes; firstly soak seeds with water for 12 to 24 hours, then wash the mucus on the seeds with water, and then pick up the seeds at 15-20 °C. Germination, summer gauze can be used to wrap the seeds, hanging in the well 30 ~ 40 cm from the water surface to germination; germination during the germination every day to wash the seeds 1 ~ 2 times, after 5 to 7 days, the seed germination rate reached 70% Sowing at ~80%. 4. Seeding direct arable land Small plant celery at a distance of 15 cm, medium-sized plant celery at a distance of 20 cm, large plant celery at a distance of 30 cm to open a seeding ditch with a depth of about 1 cm, watering the bottom water in the ditch, and then evenly spreading, The dry soil is about 0.5 cm thick; the seeding amount per square meter of the seedbed is 6-7 grams, and the small, medium and large plant celery of the direct seeding base per acre is 1.0-1.1 kg, 0.7-0.8 kg, 0.4-0.5 kg. . After sowing, the seedbed should be covered with a layer of mulch moisturizing. About 50% of the seedlings are removed from the mulch when they are unearthed. 5. Seedling management From mid-February to mid-March, in the spring and summer celery of greenhouse shed seedlings, during the nursery period, plastic film, small arch shed cover insulation should be added in case of cold weather, and the switch and switch width of the greenhouse and small arch shed should be passed. The ambient temperature is controlled at 15 to 20 ° C during the day and 10 to 15 ° C during the night; after the weather is warmed, the plastic film around the small arch shed and the greenhouse is removed in time. Watering the seedbed when it is dry, but not flooding. When the seedling age is about 40 days, the crowded seedlings are removed and the weeds are removed. When the seedlings are 50 to 60 days old and have 4 to 5 true leaves, they can be colonized. In order to prevent the live spring celery seedlings from being dense and long, the seedlings should be planted once after the seedlings are out and between 1 and 2 true leaves. After planting summer and autumn celery and autumn celery and wintering celery, it is necessary to carry out small water pouring in the morning and evening when the climate is cool to prevent the soil from drying out, and pay attention to timely drainage when encountering heavy rainfall. When the seedlings have 2 to 3 true leaves, combine the herbicide seedlings 1 to 2 times, and combine the watering with the biogas slurry or 5% to 10% of the decomposed human and animal excrement 1 to 2 times. The autumn celery and winter celery sowed and seeded can be planted at the age of 50 to 60 days and 4 to 5 true leaves. Third, colonization Select the cultivated land with deep soil layer, fertile soil and convenient drainage and irrigation as the cultivation site, and prepare the earthworms before planting or 5 to 10 days before the live broadcast. Firstly, apply 3 000 to 3 500 kg of decomposed livestock and poultry per acre, and phosphate rock powder 40. 20 kilograms of potassium ore powder is used as the base fertilizer. After intensive cultivation, the deep ditch sorghum is made according to the width of 2.0 to 2.5 meters; the small, medium and large plants are opened at intervals of 15 cm, 20 cm and 30 cm respectively. For a fixed planting ditch of 5 to 7 cm deep, the number of plants in each of the above three kinds of celery is 18,000 to 2,000,000, 0.95 to 10,500, and 0.55 to 0.65 million. Before planting, the seedling bed is watered to facilitate seedling; when planting, the root water should be planted while planting; the planting depth should not be too deep, and the soil should not be buried; the high temperature and hot season should be selected in cloudy and cloudy. It is carried out in the morning or evening when the climate is cool. Fourth, field management During the growth of celery, pay attention to small water and watering to keep the soil moist. Under normal circumstances, watering should be done once every 3 to 5 days, watering once every 2 days in hot and hot seasons, and watering once in 7 to 10 days in low temperature season. In case of heavy rainfall, it is necessary to clear the ditch in advance and drain in time. From the time when the height of the plant reaches 25 to 30 cm, every 10 to 15 days interval, combined with watering with biogas slurry or decomposing dilute animal manure and urine for 1 time, a total of 2 to 3 times of topdressing, but not for topdressing within 10 days before harvesting. Such as soil compaction, combined with weeding and timely cultivating loose soil. Celery in greenhouse cultivation, in addition to timely ventilation and ventilation, low temperature cold season should pay attention to increase the small arch shed cover insulation, and by adjusting the amount of air in the greenhouse and small arch shed, the ambient temperature of celery growth is controlled at 15 ~ 28 ° C during the day, at night 10 ~ 15 ° C. Celery cultivated in hot and hot seasons should be shaded to reduce direct sunlight. V. Pest Control 1. Agricultural control Organic celery cultivation site requires 2 to 3 years of rotation; full-flavoured organic fertilizer is used as base fertilizer, pay attention to cultivating strong seedlings; avoid flooding when watering, timely drainage when raining; Shading, low temperature season pay attention to cover with plastic film insulation; in the early stage of the disease, timely remove the diseased leaves and the old leaves that have lost function. As long as agricultural control and physical control of aphids and whitefly are in place, celery is rarely or not. 2. The physical control cultivation base can be set up with a yellow plate to trap aphids, whitefly, and spotted fly; the base covered by the greenhouse can be installed with insect nets to prevent pests from entering, and a silver-gray reflective film can be suspended to repel the aphids. Use sweet and sour liquid to trap small underground tigers, cockroaches, cockroaches, golden worms and other underground pests. 3. Biological control If pests occur, 1.8% avermectin EC can be used to control aphids and Liriomyza sinensis; 0.3% azadirachtin emulsifiable concentrate 1000 times can be used to control aphids, whitefly and leafminer; 7.5% available Rotenone emulsifiable concentrate 1500 times liquid to control aphids. With the development of the economy, people's living standards are getting higher and higher. At present, green organic food is most liked by consumers, and celery, which people like to eat, is no exception. The above is about the cultivation and management skills of organic celery. .
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