Occurrence of abnormalities in grafting cucumber cultivation
Grafting cucumber with black seed pumpkin as rootstock can effectively control the occurrence and damage of blight, and enhance the growth potential of cucumber, so that the yield per plant is greatly improved. In recent years, with the increase of planting area of ​​grafted cucumber in the greenhouse, many new abnormal symptoms have appeared, which are summarized as follows. 1. Rootstock roots are atrophied and rotted The rootstock of the rootstock is browned and atrophied. When the humidity is high, it rots, the leaves dry from bottom to top, and the plants die. After several years of observation, there are two possibilities for this symptom: First, the damage of stem rot, stem rot is the main disease of melon crops in recent years, in addition to harming cucumber, it also harms other melon crops. . The disease mainly harms the rhizome of melon crops, causing plant death. Second, the humidity of the seedbed is too large, the soil is sticky, and the roots die due to lack of oxygen, causing the infestation of other bacteria, causing the roots to rot and the plants to die. Control method: Avoid making seedbed on soil that is too heavy. The seedbed is not dry or poured. When it is too humid, it can be wetted with ash or sifted fine soil. Grafting seedbeds should be disinfected before planting. Commonly used fungicides are 50% quick-acting WP WP 800--1000 times solution, 50% carbendazim WP 500 times solution; 70% thiophanate-methyl WP 700-1000 times solution, before planting The seedling water is applied to the seedbed. 2, the scion produces adventitious roots The main reason for the adventitious roots of the scion is that the rootstock stem is too short. When planting, the scion is in contact with the soil, producing adventitious roots, or the humidity in the greenhouse is too large, and the aerial roots produced by the scion gradually elongate to form adventitious roots. The generation of adventitious roots makes the grafting meaningless, and the cucumber is vulnerable to blight, causing the death of the plant during the season. Control method: When raising seedlings, increase the night temperature of the rootstock bed to increase the length of the epicotyl; the grafting part is preferably 5-10 mm below the cotyledon; prevent the planting too deep, and find that the adventitious root is removed at noon on a sunny day. 3, acute withering Acute withering is different from blight, and the vascular bundle of cucumber has no browning symptoms. When the root melon is inflated, the plant wilts at noon, and returns to normal in the morning and evening. The plants die after repeated days. The reason for this symptom is that the knife edge is too shallow at the time of grafting, and the vascular bundle of the rootstock and the scion is not completely matched, resulting in the death of the plant due to insufficient supply of water and fertilizer. Control method: improve grafting quality, the knife edge is parallel to the cotyledon and is chamfered downward at 25--30 degrees. The length of the knife edge should not exceed 1 cm, and the depth should not exceed 1/2 of the thickness of the hypocotyl. Discover the symptoms of acute wilting and timely treatment without vines. The specific method is: bury the strong stems, about 4--5 cm long, into the moist soil, then use 50 mg/kg of naphthaleneacetic acid and 100 mg/kg. The equal amount of indole acetic acid is poured through the mixture, which prompts the plant to rapidly produce adventitious roots and restore normal growth. The soil can be treated with 800-1000 times potassium permanganate solution or 50% carbendazim WP 500 times. 4, bubble disease The symptoms of bubble disease are: irregularly shaped knob-like protrusions on the surface of the leaf, forming bubbles, initially pale yellow, and light white spots appear in the middle of the bubble, gradually drying up, the photosynthesis of the leaves is reduced, and the deformed melon is prone to occur. After several years of observation and investigation, the disease is caused by the following reasons: 1 the transplant is too late, the roots are aging, the regeneration is blocked, and the proportion of water absorption and water loss is imbalanced; 2 the roots are caused by the operation factors such as strokes, Lead to water absorption is less than water loss; 3 humidity is too large, transpiration is weakened; 4 root diseases cause root damage; 5 hormones are used excessively, causing cumulative poisoning, hormones are azoles. Control methods: appropriate period, timely planting, "Ordinary two leaves one heart or three leaves one heart for the best period of colonization, choose a sunny day at noon planting. When planting seedlings before transplanting, try to minimize the damage to the roots, the soil is too sticky, increase the application of plant ash, organic fertilizer, improve soil structure, increase soil permeability, and promote the formation of new roots. Avoid using pesticides and hormones such as triadimefon, mesonin and paclobutrazol. To prevent powdery mildew, methyl thiophanate and carbendazim can be used instead of pink rust. Plants appear to be long, should be adjusted by physical methods, such as appropriate reduction of night temperature, reduce the number of watering, less nitrogen fertilizers, etc. to inhibit plant length. Disclaimer: Some articles on this website are transferred from the Internet. If legal rights of third parties are involved, please inform this website. phone
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