Soilless tomato seedlings
1, matrix selection There are many substrates for soilless seedlings, such as vermiculite, peat, perlite, rock wool, sawdust, rice hulls, and furnace ash residues. Some of them can be used alone as substrate for seedlings, such as vermiculite, peat, perlite, and rock wool. However, in general, it is better to mix several substrates after mixing them in a certain proportion. According to the test, with 2 to 3 parts of peat and 1 part of vermiculite as matrix, the comprehensive effect is ideal. The use of vermiculite as a covering seed material not only keeps warm and has good ventilation, but also facilitates budding. 2, no soil nursery nutrient solution management Nutritional liquid formula: Formula 1: (Ge Xiaoguang, 1982): 450 g (400-500) urea, 500 g (400-900) potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 500 g of magnesium sulfate, 700 g of calcium sulfate, 3 g of boric acid, and sulfuric acid per 1000 kg of water 2 g of manganese, 3 g of sodium molybdate, 0.05 g of copper sulfate, 0.22 g of zinc sulfate, and 3 to 5 ppm of iron citrate. The formula is suitable for whole process nursery and soilless cultivation. Formulation 2: 500 g of magnesium sulfate, 95 g of calcium nitrate, 810 g of potassium nitrate, 155 g of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 3 g of boric acid, 0.05 g of copper sulfate, 0.22 g of zinc sulfate, 2 g of manganese sulfate, and molybdenum per 1,000 kg of water. Sodium 0.02g, iron concentration 3 ~ 5ppm, suitable for nursery or cultivation, as a general formula, the price is higher. Formula 3: 1000 g of compound fertilizer (NiaPisKiz), 200 g of potassium sulfate, 500 g of magnesium sulfate, and 800 g of superphosphate are added per 1,000 kg of water, and the trace elements of Formula 1 are added. The formula is suitable for all kinds of vegetable nursery. There are many similarities between soilless seedlings and bed soil seedlings, such as seeding rate, seeding method, and management of temperature and light. However, there are many differences. The key technology for soilless seedlings is the management of nutrient solutions. In the stage of Yuyuan seedlings, in order to simplify the formula and reduce the cost, the nutrient solution may not add trace elements, and only a large number of elements are blended. When growing seedlings, high-phosphorus all-element formulas are used to promote flower bud differentiation and improve seedling quality. After sowing, water or nutrient solution can be poured before emergence, and the nutrient must be poured after emergence, otherwise it will affect the normal growth of seedlings. When raising seedlings in early spring, if the ground temperature is not heated, the poured nutrient should be preheated to 25°C to avoid lower seedbed temperature. Soilless seedlings should be given suitable fluids for less 5 to 7 days before planting, and the winds should be adaptively exercised. 3, irrigation methods without soil nursery The method of irrigating soilless seedlings is combined with fertilization. The mechanized seedlings can be used with two-arm walking sprinklers. Each sprinkler arm is 5 meters long. It is arranged in the middle of the greenhouse for seedlings, and it can be used to move the sprinkler vehicle automatically. Spray water and spray nutrient solution back and forth. 4, the main equipment for mechanized nursery The precision seeding production line is operated continuously by a single machine. It mainly completes a series of operations such as disinfecting, mixing, loading plates, pressing holes, sowing, covering vermiculite, repression, and water spraying. The entire production line is mainly controlled by the optoelectronic system. When the nursery tray is walking on the conveyor belt, the photocell is induced and controlled by various operating systems. The nursery plugs matching this machine are 54.6 cm long and 27.5 cm wide. According to the number of holes and the size of the hole, they can be divided into 50 holes, 72 holes, 128 holes, 200 holes, 288 holes, 392 holes, and 512 holes. There are 8 specifications such as 648 holes. The precision seeding production line can select the appropriate seeder according to different types of seedling trays and seeds of different sizes to conduct precise seeding, with 1 seed per hole. This production line requires only 4 to 6 people to operate and can plant 700 to 1400 plates per hour. The machine supporting the precision seeder has a seed coating machine, which is to coat seeds with a diameter of 1 to 10 mm on a layer of seed coats to produce seeds of the same size. As the seed weight increases, it is easy to sow seeds, save manpower and seeds, and create favorable conditions for seed germination. After sowing, it should be placed in the germination room. Before sowing, the sowing plate can be placed in a greenhouse or greenhouse to maintain proper temperature. Humidity and light conditions will be uniform. 5. Seedling management After sowing, watering is done with a watering can, and the surface of the seedling pan (bed) is covered with a layer of newspaper (also wetted) to moisturize. Illumination management: Illumination is an important factor influencing photosynthesis. Illumination intensity directly affects the temperature of seedling leaves. The light in winter and spring seasons is weak, and the seedling distance must not be too small. If necessary, additional light must be added. Summer seedlings, in order to reduce the temperature of the leaves, shading treatment, shading nets in the greenhouse or greenhouse shade. Temperature management: The room temperature during the nursery period is generally high, and it should gradually decrease with the growth of the seedlings. At the same time, the night temperature is preferably 5 to 10°C lower than the daily temperature. The temperature management during tomato breeding is: suitable temperature: 20 ~ 30 °C, suitable for night temperature 10 ~ 15 °C. Moisture management: only water can be applied before emergence. After the emergence of seedlings, nutrient solution is applied. The concentration of nutrient solution in the seedling stage is usually 1/4 to 1/2 units of the standard concentration. The liquid is fed once a day and each time the seedlings are soaked. The matrix, starting with the bottom leakage of droplets is appropriate. In the case of low temperature and low sunshine duration, it is advisable to use less liquid. If it is in a high-temperature and dry environment, it can spray water one or two times a day. The water supply for the liquid does not need a fixed time. It can be based on the weather, the temperature, the ventilation size, and the matrix dry and wet. It is necessary to avoid low-humidity roots, but also to prevent droughts at high temperatures and water shortages. Watering is mainly based on the weather at 9 to 10 o'clock every morning. The roots are not fully developed seedlings, do not water too much, so as not to reduce the root temperature, winter and spring nursery, the early temperature is the main limiting factor. Mechanized nursery should meet the needs of seedlings for water. The pre-planting exercise is mainly to control the water, strengthen light, temperature management, improve seedling quality, but in the greenhouse cultivation, generally do not require exercise. Soilless seedlings and seedlings are convenient. The root volume of the seedlings is large, the matrix is ​​loose, and the rooting of the seedlings is less. The colonization is easy to survive. Watering can be stopped the day before planting and raising, so that the substrate can be shaken off. The seedlings should be soaked immediately with nutrient solution or water to prevent rooting and colonization as soon as possible. Planted seedlings in situ can also be planted in soil with a matrix. When long-distance transportation is carried out, dozens of strains can be bundled into one and wrapped with a plastic film to be packed in a carton (inside film) to prevent extrusion. After the container is sprayed with a nutrient solution, when it is packed, it should not be tight. Avoid heat rot. There should be a few vent holes on both sides of the carton to reduce humidity and cool the air. When the transportation time is long, you should open it up halfway, spray some water, and let the seedlings see the light. Surgical Instrument,Series Operation Microscope,Operation Instrument Microscope,Surgical Instrument Microscope NINGBO VANCO INSTRUMENT CO.,LTD , https://www.vancoscope.com