Water Quality Requirements for Penaeus vannamei and Basic Feed Bioculture

December 02, 2019

Water Quality: The water quality requirements for white shrimp in South America are more stringent. Fresh water quality is required, no pollution, dissolved oxygen above 5 mg/l, pH within 7.0 to 8.5, transparency between 30 and 60 cm, and ammonia nitrogen below 2 mg/l. Qualitatively determine the quality of water quality can be used "one touch, two tastes, three smells, four views" method. That is, using your fingers to dipped in water, it is not a good water to feel smooth and smooth. It is not good water to taste bitter when it is tasted. It should be salty and odorless. It is good water. It is not a good water to smell bad smells; Lack of species composition, abnormal water color (red, dark), large amount of foam, and variegated is not good water. The normal seawater foam is white, and the greater the amount of foam, the more serious the eutrophication of seawater.
The ideal water color is yellow-green or yellow-brown formed by green algae or diatoms. These green algae or diatoms are a kind of benign biological population in the micro-ecological environment of ponds, which purify the water quality. At present, the most commonly used method for cultivating water color is to apply nitrogen fertilizer and phosphorus fertilizer in a certain proportion in the pool water. Generally, the ratio of applying nitrogen fertilizer and phosphorus fertilizer is 20:1.
At the same time, special attention should be paid to regulating the pH in the breeding process, so that it should not be too high. Otherwise it will increase the toxicity of ammonia nitrogen, inhibit the growth of shrimp. With the growth of shrimp, the demand for dissolved oxidation in water is also increasing. Therefore, in the early stage of aquaculture, the intermittent water aerator is adopted for the visual water quality, and the time for opening the aerator is gradually extended with the growth of the shrimp body. Intensive ponds and high-density, high-yield rearing ponds must be turned on 24 hours in the middle and later stages of breeding to ensure adequate dissolved oxygen. The transparency of the pool water should be kept between 25 cm and 40 cm. Normally, it can be controlled by applying zeolite or quicklime and applying nitrogen fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer. The transparency in the middle and later stages of cultivation should be maintained at 35 cm to 50 cm.
Culture of basic bait organisms: Before the shrimps enter the pond, they must cultivate enough basic bait organisms. Because the palatability of basic food organisms is good and nutritious, it cannot be replaced by any artificial feed. It is an important material basis for improving the survival rate of shrimps, enhancing the constitution of shrimps and accelerating the growth of shrimps. At the same time, feed organisms, especially phytoplankton, will play an important role in purifying water quality, absorbing ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, and other harmful substances, reducing shrimp disease, and stabilizing water quality. The cultivation process includes clear ponds, water supply, fertilization, introduction and other steps. Fertilizer for general fertilizer is 3 kg/mu urea and superphosphate 0.5 kg/mu. The transparency of the pool water is between 25 cm and 30 cm.

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