Beef cattle calf early weaning technology
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Through scientific feeding and management of different stages of pregnant cows, it will produce healthy and normal calves. At the same time, scientific management and disease prevention of lactating calf will be conducted and scientific inducement measures will be taken early to stimulate the development of digestive system of calves. Early ruminal emergence of burdock led to early weaning. Early weaning is a routine technique. If you master the technical points, you can ensure the healthy growth of cows and calves.
(II) Increasing production and efficiency
By adopting early weaning of burdock, the fertility of the breeding cows and the cost of raising the cows will be increased to some extent, so as to increase the breeding efficiency of the cows, and at the same time, the growth performance of the burdock will be fully utilized, and the breeding of the reserve cows will be significantly shortened. Time, saving feeding costs.
(three) technical points
In order to cultivate a healthy and well-developed early weaning calf, we should do the following aspects in production management.
1. Do a good job of breeding and management of female animals
(1) Do a good job of preventing and treating diseases. For the prevention of infectious diseases, a reasonable immunization program should be established according to the prevalence and characteristics of local infectious diseases and vaccination should be conducted on time. For the prevention and control of parasitic diseases, according to the epidemiological characteristics of the local parasitic diseases, combined with the prevalence of the field, targeted insecticides are selected for pest repellent, at least twice a year. Do a good job in the management of waste, waste, and household waste in cattle farms to prevent mosquito breeding. For ordinary diseases, the main attention and observation in the feeding and management of each cow's food intake, drinking water is normal, with or without pathological clinical manifestations, timely detection of sick cattle, for treatment. Except for special circumstances, attention should be paid to the avoidance of pre-pregnancy and post-pregnancy (one month after mating and one month before childbirth) of the cow during vaccination and drug repellent to reduce adverse drug reactions and various stresses affecting the embryo. Bed and cause fetal miscarriage. In the treatment of pregnant cows, the use of drugs and biological agents that are teratogenic to the fetus, affect fetal growth, and cause fetal abortion should be avoided and minimized.
(2) Pay attention to the nutrition of the cow. According to the local forage resources, the nutritional needs of each period of the cows, and changes in body weight, a reasonable diet is used to ensure the normal development of the fetus. During the lactation period of cows, especially after birth, the amount of concentrate and green forage grass should be properly increased so that the cows can restore body condition and have sufficient milk supply to ensure the normal growth of calves.
(3) Management of laboring cows. After disinfecting the delivery room and place of origin, soft and clean bedding shall be applied. According to the record of insemination and observation of signs of labor, laboring cows enter the delivery room and are kept in the production area alone, and the number of observations is appropriately increased to timely detect dystocia. Help the cows with dystocia timely and ensure the safety of cows and calves. From 3 days to 4 days (preferably one week) after birth, cows and calves can establish good feelings before they can be transferred out of the delivery room or place of origin.
2. Feeding and management of lactating calves
(1) Care for newborn calves. For midwifery newborn calves, clear their mucus and intranasal amniotic fluid and other mucus in the first time to ensure normal breathing, then let cows dry the mucus of the calf. For normal delivery calves, no artificial care is required if breathing is normal. Let the calf eat the colostrum in time. Usually, burdock can stand on its own within 30 minutes of birth and can breastfeed itself. For a small amount of beef calves that cannot eat colostrum, necessary artificial assistance is provided to help the calf to eat colostrum in time.
(2) Do a good job of disease control of calves. After birth, calves are not yet fully developed in their organs and regulation systems. They have poor adaptability to the outside world, weak resistance, and are prone to diseases. They should try their best to maintain ventilation, cleanliness, and comfort in the cowshed. Observe the burdock carefully every day, pay attention to whether the excrement, coat, milk, exercise, spirit and other aspects are normal, there are abnormal conditions to timely diagnosis and treatment. For the calf lacking breast milk, while strengthening the cow's nutrition, other cows with good milk performance are recruited to feed some of the milk. What needs to be emphasized is that the cause of diarrhea in burdock is complicated and it is very easy to cause the growth and development of burdock to be delayed or even to die. Therefore, the prevention of diarrhea in burdock should be done through measures such as strengthening the breeding and management of burdock, and disinfection of environmental facilities.
(3) Lure feeding during lactation. After 7 days to 10 days of birth, burdock appears drinking and feeding. Therefore, 10 days after the calf is born, put a small amount of easily digestible grass or high-quality hay and concentrate feed in the calf's feed trough daily for the calf to eat freely to stimulate the development of the calf's digestive system and make it ruminant. Milk lays the foundation, at the same time, for the calf to clean drinking water. The delivery of concentrate should comply with the principle of a small number of multiple, step-by-step, gradually increase the amount of calves according to the situation of calf feces, to the normal feces as a precondition, avoid placing a day of fine material and unexpectedly increase the amount of feeding, otherwise it is easy to cause Calf indigestion and bloating, resulting in diarrhea or death of calves.
(4) Provide sufficient calf shine and enough exercise space. Illumination and exercise have a positive effect on promoting skeletal growth and digestive system development of burdock, increasing feed intake, and enhancing physical fitness. In the lactation period, it is necessary to ensure that calves have plenty of room for light and free movement.
(5) Do a good job in the cleanliness of calves activities. Take necessary measures to limit the activity of calf in the cowshed or on the activity ground to prevent the calf from running around in the cattle farm, and to prevent the calf from mistakenly picking up foreign objects, dirt, and drinking the dirty water. Regularly clean and disinfect the calves activities, and prevent calves from eating foreign bodies and bacteria.
After careful management and feeding, most calves grow well during the lactation period and can be weaned by 2 months to 3 months of age. For a small number of calves with poor growth and development, weaning time should be appropriately extended.
3. Feeding and Management of Weaned Burdock
(1) Feeding management during adaptation period. After weaning, the calf is separated from the cow, and the feed is entirely replaced by forage, silage and concentrate. It takes a certain period of time for the calf to adapt to the new environment and feed. This period is usually called the adaptation period or the transition period. In order to adapt the burdock as soon as possible, the following measures can be taken in feeding and management to shorten the adaptation period.
Group feeding, bogey size mixed feeding. In the case of non-branch feeding, it is prone to bullying. When a large calf feeds on the calf's feeding situation, it often causes the calf's feed intake to decrease. What's more, when feeding concentrates, Caused by the small calf is not afraid to feed, seriously affecting the growth of small calves. Therefore, try to avoid polyculture. At the same time, in the breeding process, according to the burdock's growth and the speed of feeding, the cattle should be adjusted from time to time to ensure the normal growth of each burdock.
Drink clean water at any time to ensure clean drinking water. Automatic drinkers can be used conditionally. If water is supplied from a drinking trough, the trough can easily fall into foreign matter, feed, and other impurities, causing moss in the trough, which can easily lead to bacterial growth, affect the quality of drinking water, and can easily make cow calf sick. Need to see the cleanliness of the drinking trough, irregularly clean up the foreign body in the trough, and clean and sterilize the trough.
Adaptation period feed forage supply. At the time of weaning, the roughage was dominated by easily digestible high-quality grasses and hay, supplemented with a small amount of silage. Feeding principle: Add a small number of times, so as not only to ensure the intake of calves, but also will not cause the waste of forage. Under the condition of ensuring the feed intake of burdock, the feeding of hay or grass is gradually reduced, and silage feeding is appropriately increased until it is completely replaced by silage. Feeding of concentrate feeds must also comply with the principle of a small number of multiple, step-by-step procedures. With the normal feces of burdock as the premise, gradually increase the amount of feed and reduce the number of feeding until the burdock can feed 1 kilogram - 1.5 kilograms of concentrate each time. After diarrhoea or indigestion does not occur, the feeding method using the concentrate twice a day is adopted. A calf sucked during lactation can adapt for about a week.
(2) Disease control of weaning calves. Do a good job of observing the weaning calf excreta, sports, and spirit, so that the disease can be found in time and get treatment in time. Most of the antibody internal parasites have more or less adverse reactions to the digestive system. Therefore, it is advisable that the insecticides of weaned burdock should be avoided during the acclimation period to prevent diarrhea in calves. Regular disinfection of burrows and production utensils can effectively prevent the spread and occurrence of contact dermatoses caused by tapeworms and fungi. For the vaccination of weaned calves, we recommend that weaning should be carried out two months after weaning in order to prevent interference from maternal antibodies. In order to ensure the immune effect, after 10 days of first immunization with weaned calves, a booster immunization should be carried out. After the vaccination is performed according to the normal immunization procedure, the preventive effect of infectious diseases can be achieved.
(4) Precautions
Pay attention to the nutritional balance of cows at each stage, and do a good job of prevention and control of cattle diseases (especially burdock diarrhea).
(five) suitable area
All beef cattle breeding farms (households).