High Temperature and High Humidity Prevent Strawberry Anthracnose
Strawberry anthracnose is one of the important diseases of strawberry breeding in summer, and it is a typical disease of high temperature and high humidity. Once it spreads quickly, if it is not controlled in time, the breeding ability of the seedling will be reduced, and the quality of the bred strawberry seedling will be reduced. The seedlings die. Therefore, the prevention and control of strawberry anthracnose should be done in strawberry seedling nursery. Damage symptoms Strawberry anthracnose mainly occurs in the nursery period and the initial stage of colonization, and the result period rarely occurs. It is mainly responsible for stolons, petioles, leaves, stipules, petals, calyces and fruits. The obvious feature after infection is that the damage to the strawberry leaves can cause local lesions and wilting of the whole plant. The stolons, petioles, and leaves became infected. They initially produced black spindle-shaped or oval-shaped ulcers with a diameter of 3-7 mm and were slightly depressed. When the lesions on the stolons and petioles expanded into annulus, the upper parts of the lesions wilted and died. When the humidity is high, the red mucinous spore masses can be seen in the diseased part. In addition to causing local lesions, the disease can easily lead to wilting of disease-sensitive varieties, especially strawberry seedlings. When the parent plant leaves base and short-stem stalk site, the initial 1-2 leaves spread out of the water, evening or overcast. The day returned to normal, and as the disease progressed, the whole plant died. Occurrence characteristics The optimum temperature for infestation of anthrax is 28°C-32°C, and the relative humidity is above 90%. It is a typical high temperature and high humidity type pathogen. In July-September, the spread of germs spread rapidly under conditions of high temperature and high humidity. Especially in the days of continuous rain or 2-5 days after showers, strawberry nurseries can explode in a short period of time and cause devastating losses. In recent years, with the adjustment of planting structure, the strawberry planting area has increased rapidly, and the continuous cropping area of ​​strawberry has increased. The occurrence of this disease has been on the rise, which has brought serious obstacles to the breeding of strawberry seedlings and the development of the strawberry planting industry. Prevention Seedlings quarantine: Select reputable nursery companies to introduce seedlings, and seedlings must go through quarantine at the place of production to control the spread of quarantine pests. Agricultural measures: Select resistant varieties. The Japanese cultivars such as Hong Yan, Feng Xiang, Xing Xiang and Zhang Ji had poor resistance, and the European and American cultivars had better resistance and were closely planted. Control seedling planting density and breeding density in nursery; Water and fertilizer management. The use of drip irrigation watering, flood irrigation is prohibited, and watering at high temperatures is prohibited. Reasonable application of nitrogen fertilizer, increased application of organic fertilizer and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer; Increase soil permeability, promote root system development, cultivate robust plants, increase plant resistance to disease, and avoid replantation. It is not possible to replant crops and ensure the rotation period is more than 3 years. Pastoral cleaning: timely removal of diseased leaves, diseased stems, dead leaves and old leaves, and diseased plants, innocuous treatment, to reduce the spread of pathogens; timely removal of weeds, increase ventilation and light transmittance in the field. Off-site nursery: The susceptible varieties can be used to move the breeding grounds to the cool regions to reduce the occurrence of anthrax. Chemical control: At the beginning of the disease, use protective fungicides 99% mineral oil 200 times plus 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder 600 times spray. After the onset of disease, use chemical agents with protection and treatment. Use 99% mineral oil 200 times plus 40% medium carbon WP wettable powder 1500 times, or add 50% thiobacillin water dispersible granule 3000 times, or add 50% % Gina sea WP 1000 times, or 10% difenoconazole water dispersible granules 1500 times spray, 7 days spray once, the effect of alternate use of agents is better. Precautions 1. Spraying is performed before 10 o'clock in the morning or after 4 o'clock in the afternoon. Spray the surface, leaves and leaves evenly. 2. Cannot be used together with alkaline pesticides and copper preparations. 3. Do a good job of safety protection when spraying, so as to avoid personnel poisoning. 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