High-yield cultivation techniques of aconite and prevention and control of main pests and diseases
How to plant Chinese herbal aconite? Aconite has the title of “the first medicine in the worldâ€, which shows that its medicinal value is extremely high. The following is a compilation of the cultivation technology of the first medicine in Futian in Sichuan. 1. Site preparation The main production area in Sichuan is cultivated with aconite, and many methods of producing roots in mountainous areas and commercial production in flat areas are adopted. Root production land: choose cool sunny slope, corn or wheat rotation for more than 6 years, deep and fertile sandy loam or purple land. After three ploughs, the flattening is fine and the raft is 1 meter wide. In combination with the preparation of the soil, 2,500 to 3,000 kilograms of soil compost, 15 kilograms of superphosphate and 50 kilograms of cake fertilizer are used as base fertilizer. Land for the production of commercial medicinal materials: It should be cultivated on a flat land with mild and humid climate. The soil layer with deep and loose soil is selected, and the former crops are better for rice and corn. After the harvest of the former sorghum crop, deep ploughing 20 to 25 cm, leveling and smashing, making a metre wide. 3,500 to 4,000 kilograms of fermented manure per mu, 50 to 100 kilograms of decomposed rapeseed cake, and 50 kilograms of superphosphate are applied to the topsoil. 2. Reproduction methods Aconite often breeds as roots. Root propagation: planted in mid-November. The row spacing is 17 cm and the depth of the hole is 13-15 cm. The first-level roots are planted in 2 to 3 rows per plant, and the roots are 12,000 to 13,000 per acre; the third-level roots are planted in 4 rows per plant, and each root is planted with about 20,000 roots. The root buds are planted down into the acupoints. After planting, 2000 kg of manure and manure per acre are applied, and the ditch soil covers the kneading surface. When planting, plant a few kinds of roots in the end of the scorpion, in order to prepare for later seedlings. Commercial medicinal material reproduction: often planted in early to mid-December. Secondary roots are generally used as propagation material. The row spacing of the plants is 17 cm. Each row is planted with 3 rows, and 1 to 2 roots are planted per hole. The bud head is placed upright in the center of the hole. In order to facilitate rooting, when two roots are planted at each hole, the roots should be shed toward the center of the ridge, because the roots of the roots will not form the roots. Pay attention to planting a few roots to prepare for seedlings. 3. Field management Clearing the ditch and replenishing the seedlings: Before the emergence of the seedlings, use the bamboo rafts to smash the oversized clods into the ditch, and then mention the glutinous rice noodles. Shovel the bottom of the ditch to prevent water accumulation. After the seedlings were released in the middle and late February, the diseased plants were removed in time to fill the missing seedlings. It is advisable to make up the seedlings sooner rather than later. Top dressing: general topdressing 3 times. The first time chasing the seedling fertilizer is about 10 days after replenishing the seedlings, applying 3000 kg of manure per acre and 27 kg of urea, applying the hole and covering the soil. The second time in early April (after the first root repair), 2000 kg of green manure per mu, 50 kg of vegetable cake, 3000 kg of human and animal manure. The third time is in early May (after the second rooting), when the temperature is getting higher and the roots are swollen faster, it should be topdressed in time, applying 1500-2000 kg of fertilizer per mu and 50 kg of decadent vegetable cake. Every two plant openings are applied, and the two holes are staggered before and after. Each acre is reused 6000 kg of human and animal manure to cover the nest. Flatten the face and make it arched. Rooting: In order to promote root enlargement and improve quality and yield, rooting should usually be done 1 or 2 times. The first time was in early April and the second time was in early May. First remove the basal leaves, use the shovel to plan the soil near the plant, expose the roots, manually scrape the smaller and excess roots, and choose to keep 2 to 3 pairs of larger roots. After repairing one plant, cover the soil immediately. And repair the second strain. Be careful not to damage the main root when rooting. Picking tips and axillary buds: In the middle of April (7 to 8 days after the first rooting), the top buds are removed, and generally 7 to 8 leaves are left. When the top axillary bud grows 4 to 5 leaves, the axillary bud is picked up. After the buds are picked 1 or 2 times a week, the axillary buds growing underneath will be removed in time, and the leaves should not be damaged when the buds are sprouted. Irrigation and drainage: The aconite must maintain proper soil moisture during the growth period, and pay attention to irrigation when it is dry, so that water does not accumulate from the ditch. Pay attention to the timely removal of stagnant water during the rainy season. 4. Pest control Prevention and treatment of chalk disease: 1 select disease-free roots, soak seeds with 40% carbendazim for 3 hours before planting; 2 rotate with grass crops such as rice; 3 timely drain in rainy season; 4 use 50% carbendazim or 50% Base to the 1000 times liquid of the roots; 5 found that the diseased plant was dug out together with the surrounding soil, and the lime was disinfected. Downy mildew prevention and treatment methods: 1 seedling period to completely remove the diseased seedlings, and disinfect the diseased points with 5% lime milk; 2 spray before the onset or early onset of 1:1: 120 Bordeaux mixture or ethylene phosphate aluminum 500 times solution. Leaf spot disease prevention and treatment methods: 1 avoid continuous cropping; 2 onset period with 40% carbendazim 500 times solution or 70% methyl thiophanate 1000 times solution, or 1: 1: 150 Bordeaux mixture sprayed once every 10 to 15 days ; 3 After harvesting, the diseased leaves are burned and the overwintering bacteria are completely eliminated. Powdery mildew prevention and treatment methods: 1 In the early stage of the disease, 25% powder rusting 2000 times liquid or thiophanate 1000 times liquid is sprayed; 2 after harvesting, the residual leaves of the diseased plants are concentrated. Control method for wilt disease: completely remove the diseased roots. When planting, the roots are immersed in 40 times with 40% carbendazim suspension for 3 hours. Major pests: Black velvet chafers and brown chafer larvae that damage the main roots, and larvae of the genus Spodoptera. Poison baits, black light traps and insecticide sprays can be used. 5. Harvesting Aconitum is generally harvested from the end of June to the beginning of July in the second year after planting. In case of continuous rain, the roots are easily rotted and can be harvested in advance. Plan the roots, cut off the stems and leaves of the ground, separate the roots (mud aconite) from the mother roots (aconite), shake off the soil, and dry. Raw products need to be processed. The above is the cultivation technique of Chinese herbal aconite. Please ask the farmers who need it for reference.
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