Non-pollution carrot cultivation technology
[Type selection] Different sowing times vary with the selected variety. Generally selected varieties are resistant to disease, high quality, high stress resistance, wide adaptability and good commercial quality. Seed quality: Seed purity ≥ 92%, Clarity ≥ 85%, Germination rate ≥ 80%. Spring carrots are selected from high-quality, high-spirited, high-yield varieties, such as: New Kuroda, 5-inch Senate, and Red-Core 4, etc.; autumn carrots are selected for high-quality, high-yield varieties, such as: New Kuroda, 5-inch Senate, and Japan 5-inch Senate. Excellent local farm varieties. [Soil selection and soil preparation] The place of production should be in compliance with the environmental conditions of pollution-free food vegetable production areas (NY/T 5010). Choose sandy loam soil or loam where the plough layer is deep, soil is loose, rich in humus, water is convenient, and drainage is good. Avoid heavy clay and poor drainage. Ground. The former is a non-umbrella vegetable, and it is generally suitable for green onion, cabbage, and food crops. The northern cultivation method is generally ridge cultivation. Before soil preparation, we must first plough the stubble and then apply it to the base fertilizer. According to the soil fertility and the local recommended fertilization measures, determine the appropriate amount of fertilizer and fertilization methods. The fertilizer used should meet the national standards for product quality to meet the requirements of carrots for fertilizers. Industrial waste, municipal waste, and sludge should not be used. Organic fertilizers such as manure, animal waste, and urine, which have not been fermented and have not reached a harmless index, should not be used. The amount of basal fertilizer should account for more than 70% of the total fertilizer. Generally, 45 000-60 000 kg of organic fertilizer is applied per hectare, 2 250-3 000 kg of plant ash or 15-30 kg of biological potassium fertilizer, and 30% of chicken manure is preferably mixed in organic fertilizer. Finally deep ridges. Before the broadcast, the water was poured into the ground, finely smashed 2-3 times, and smashed 15 centimeters deep, so that it reached the standard of “Qi, Ping, Song, Broken, Net, and Shuâ€. If the fertilizer is not enough, it can be applied in the form of broken ridge fertilizer, ridge width 65-70 cm. [Management after sowing and sowing] More dry seeds are used for direct seeding. The bristles on the seeds are picked up before sowing. They are cleaned and can be sown after a little drying. Such as soaking germination, can be sown before sowing 1-2 days, and then soaked in warm water 35-40 °C for 3 hours, remove and wash into a clean moist gauze for germination, the temperature maintained between 20-25 °C , And timely spray water to keep the seeds moist, when most of the seeds can be sown when exposed. The day when the average temperature stabilized by 13 °C can be sown. The specific sowing date is determined by the climate, variety, etc. The sowing date is too early and it is easy to increase the convulsive rate. Too late, the growth period is not enough, affecting the value of its commodities and production. Most of the northern planting methods used for ridge drilling. Planting area should be large, mechanical sowing should be used, and agricultural machinery and equipment should be well adjusted before sowing, so as to ensure even seeds, 6-9 kg per hectare, mixed with 5 times the amount of fine sand or dry sawdust. Line spacing 25-30 cm, broadcast depth 1.50 cm. After sowing, they were suppressed by light equipment. For small-scale planting, artificial sowing is used. A furrow of 20-25 cm wide and 2-3 cm deep is laid out on the ridge roof to spread the seeds evenly in the furrows. Generally, the amount per hectare is 4.5 kg. In order to ensure uniform sowing, an appropriate amount of fine sand may be incorporated into the seeds, and the soil may be covered by 1-2 cm after sowing, and then the water may be repressed and watered. In order to maintain moisture in the soil and prevent sun exposure from generating high temperatures, some wheat straw or rice straw may be covered on the ridge after sowing, and the grass mulching is gradually removed after emergence. Carrot seedlings are long, but also in the high temperature and rainy season, all kinds of weeds grow quickly, and herbicides can be sprayed after sowing to prevent the growth of weeds. The use of 33% Shitian make-up cream sprayed with 2 250 ml/150 kg water per hectare, the effect is very good. Seedlings in case of high temperature and drought should be timely irrigation 1-2 times seedling water, to facilitate the emergence of seedlings. About 15 days after sowing, seedlings emerged. 1-2 true leaves, when the seedlings grow in the sunny afternoon, the seedling distance is 4 centimeters, and the seedlings with abnormal growth, weak seeding, and sowing are removed, leaving large seedlings and strong seedlings. At the same time, the first cultivator loose soil. When 4-5 leaves are seedlings, the seedling distance is 7 centimeters, and 450,000 to 500,000 seedlings per hectare. At the same time, the second cultivator was conducted. Immediately after the emergence of weeds, they are manually removed. Weeding with chemical agents is not recommended as far as possible, otherwise the product rate will be reduced. ã€Irrigation and Fertilization】 The ability of carrots to withstand drought is strong and the demand for fertilizers is less than other crops. However, in order to produce high-quality, high-yield products, it is necessary to strengthen fertilizer and water management. After sowing until the emergence of seedlings, if it is rain-free, it should be continuously watered to keep the soil moist. Seedling seedlings after the water is not large, it is not appropriate to water, so that the soil see dry see wet, in order to facilitate hair roots, prevent seedlings grow. The seedling period coincides with the rainy season. After the heavy rain, it is necessary to drain water in time. After the seedlings are set, they should be poured with water once and the seedlings should be cultivated. When the fleshy root begins to enlarge, the seedlings are finished. When the fleshy root finger is thick, it is during the peak period of its water demand. It should be irrigated with plenty of water in time. The irrigation should be light, uniform, and moderate, and should not be flooded and flooded, and it is prone to cracking. The whole growth period irrigation 3-4 times. Carrot seedlings need a small amount of fertilizer, adequate base fertilizer generally do not consider top dressing, if you need to top-dressing in the second time after the seedlings can be combined with irrigation to follow the application of decomposed organic fertilizer, can also be applied urea, 150 kg per hectare to promote seedlings Grow. In poor soils, quick-acting organic fertilizers are applied during the root enlargement of the fleshy roots, and 15,000 kilograms of human fecal urine per hectare is used to irrigate the roots, which is combined with irrigation to prevent burning of seedlings due to excessive concentrations. Fast-acting nitrogen fertilizer should not be used within 20 days before harvesting. ã€Pest Control】 Implement the plant protection principle of “giving priority to prevention, comprehensive prevention and controlâ€. By adopting resistant varieties, cultivating strong seedlings, strengthening cultivation and management, scientific fertilizing, improving and optimizing the ecological system of vegetable fields, create a favorable environmental condition for the growth and development of radish, and give priority to adoption. Agricultural control, physical prevention and control, biological control, and scientific and reasonable chemical prevention and control will minimize the harmful effects of radish pests and achieve the goal of safe, high-quality, non-pollution radish production. When using chemical pesticides, relevant national standards should be implemented, and the use of highly toxic, highly toxic and high-residue pesticides and their mixed pesticides prohibited by the State should be prohibited. Rationally mix and alternate use of agents with different mechanisms of action or negative cross-resistance to prevent and delay the emergence and development of pest resistance. ã€reward】 The time from sowing to harvesting of carrots varies according to the growth period of the variety. The early maturing variety is 80-90 days, and the mid-late maturing variety is 100-140 days. In general, when the roots of the meat are fully inflated and mature and meet the requirements of pollution-free vegetables, they can be harvested. When it meets the requirements of the commodity, it can be harvested and marketed. The harvest is too early, the root of the flesh is not fully expanded, the yield is low, and the quality is poor; the harvest is too late, and the wood is easy to pupate and the quality is reduced.
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