Piglet three-stage feeding management technology
After repeated trials, good results have been achieved: the survival rate of piglets at 63 days is 97%, the average body weight is 23.7kg, the average litter size of piglets is 12.2, and the survival rate of the entire group is 96.3%. The key technologies for feeding and management of piglets are described below. 1 Primary period 1.1 Measures to increase the birth weight of piglets In recent years, the birth weight of piglets produced in some high-level sow farms in our province has generally remained at 1.4-1.5kg/head. To achieve this level, a series of work has to be done. First of all, we must start with the cultivation of gilts. In the "dual" sow breeding ground, select individuals with long body, thick limbs, wide lumbosacral, and more than 7 teats as gilts, and strictly abide by "feeding until 8 months of age, weighing over 110kg, and estrus twice. After the third estrus breeding" principle. The gilts were given JE vaccine 2 times and parvovirus 2 times before 30 days of breeding. Within 30 days after mating, the feed nutrient level was restricted and 30 days later, the normal nutritional needs of pregnant sows were fed. During the 30-80 days, quantitative feeds were conducted according to the sow's lyrical condition, and the average feed intake increased to 2.5 kg/(head/day); the lean, partial-fat diets could be appropriately added or decreased according to the actual situation, but The amount of feed is guaranteed at 1.6 to 3.0 kg/day. After 80 days, the intake of sows is increased to ensure that 2.8-3.0 kg/head per day. Attention should be paid to calcium and phosphorus supplements and the balance of nutrients in the feed, as long as a balanced moisture condition can be achieved. The late period of sow pregnancy is the critical period of fetal weight gain. 2/3 of the weight of newborn baby is increased during this period. Therefore, the key to improving primary birth weight is to do a good job of feeding and management of sows at this stage. In the late pregnancy, sows can increase the amount of feed, but should not avoid over-feeding in order to pursue the birth weight, this will cause the fetus is too large to cause dystocia, especially the birth of sows are likely to cause fetal death and cause great losses. Sows are cleaned, disinfected and transferred to the delivery room 1 week before the due date. 1.2 Feeding and Management of Newborn Piglets The key technology for newborns is delivery, ensuring that piglets have colostrum, fixed teats, cold and warmth, pressure prevention, disease prevention, and feeding and management of nursing sows. 1.2.1 After the birth of a piglet, dry the nose, mouth, and body mucus in time, cut the umbilical cord (3 to 5 cm in length and sterilize with iodine), and place it in the incubator. Immediately after the end of the delivery, remove the placental clothing and the contaminated bedding to prevent the sow from eating the placenta and develop the filth of the piglet. If the contaminated grass bedding is not removed, the dirt will cause the growth of pathogenic microorganisms to multiply and spread odors, which will threaten the health of the piglets. 1.2.2 Ensure that piglets eat milk from colostral sows divided into colostrum and regular milk. Colostrum is mainly secreted by milk within 24 hours after farrowing, thicker than regular milk, rich in protein and immunoglobulin (including: LgG, LgA and LgM, minerals, vitamins, can improve the disease resistance of piglets, is breast-feeding Piglets are indispensable nutrients. When piglets are born, there are no immune antibodies in the body, lack of immunity, and low disease resistance. This is because the immune antibody is a macromolecular substance. Due to the particularity of the porcine placenta structure, the sow's blood vessels and fetal blood vessels are separated from the placenta by 6 to 7 layers of tissues (called the placental barrier), thus limiting sow antibodies. Into the fetus. In the first 2 hours of piglets, the villous epithelial cells of the intestinal mucosa are in the original state, and the immunoglobulin in the colostrum can be absorbed into the blood through the intestinal wall, and the immunity in the body is rapidly enhanced. At 36 to 72 hours after birth, intestinal permeability changes, absorption capacity decreases, and the duration of maintenance of immunoglobulin in colostrum is very short. After 3 days, the immune substances that the piglets can absorb are minimized. Piglets produce autoimmune antibodies only after 10 days of age, but at a slower rate. Therefore, letting newborn piglets eat colostrum is an important measure to enhance the disease resistance of piglets. In addition, the magnesium salts contained in colostrum have a laxative effect and can promote meconium discharge; the content of iron and vitamins A and D is also more than 5 times that of conventional milk. Therefore, colostrum is an irreplaceable food for newborn piglets. If the piglet needs to be breast-fed or fostered for some reason, it should try its best to get colostrum for 2 to 3 days. 1.2.3 Fixed teat piglets have the habit of fixing their own teats after birth, but some piglets are not fixed to the right nipples for various reasons, and often the nipples with more milk are grabbed by the stronger piglets. Therefore, in order to make the piglets grow evenly and live fully, it is necessary to artificially fix the teats. Before the suckling pig is born for the first time, the fixed nipple must be adjusted according to individual conditions and the order of delivery. The difference in individual piglets produced by general young sows is not significant, as long as they are arranged in order from the last effective nipple forward according to the principle of “first birthâ€. However, some sows have irregular breast development and individual piglets have large differences. Therefore, newborn piglets should be selected according to the principle of "major individual rearing", and the teats with better breast development and more milk should be taken into account to fix the weak piglets. After the ordering is completed, the teats are numbered with the corresponding piglet. The number of the sow's teat is hung on the wall corresponding to the field in a schematic manner. The piglets are marked on the back with their corresponding nipple numbers. In this way, every time when feeding, we must pay attention to the piglet and the teat to the seat, insist for 3 days, the work of fixing the teat is basically over. 1.2.4 Insulation antifreeze, anti-pressure, and disease prevention Because the body temperature regulation function of piglets is not sound at birth, it is particularly sensitive to low temperatures. Therefore, insulation and antifreeze work must be done during production. The heat preservation and heatstroke prevention equipment should be installed in the farrowing pens (localities can adjust and install the equipment according to different climatic conditions; although the cold-proof and warm-keeping work of the piglets is the key, the effects of excessive temperature cannot be ignored). In the specific warming work, special attention should be paid to the warming work of piglets within 7 days of age, because the external temperature and the temperature of the sow's body are greatly different, and the body temperature regulation function of the piglets within 7 days is not perfect. The temperature of the incubator must be maintained at about 32°C and thereafter lowered by 2°C per week until 22°C. After sows should pay special attention to keep the delivery room dry, it is necessary to change the mat, so as to facilitate insulation. At the same time, because sows have relatively weak post-natal constitutions, large body size, and easy squeezing of piglets when they are lying, the anti-stress work must be done well. The weak piglet can be placed in the incubator and fed once every 1 to 1.5 hours. The bedding should be cut into 20 to 30 cm sections to avoid accidental winding of piglets. In addition, environmental disinfection must be strengthened to minimize pathogenic microorganisms in the small environment to prevent disease. Piglets should be injected with iron and selenium injections at 3 days of age to prevent iron deficiency anemia. 1.2.5 Feeding and nursing of nursing sows Feeding and nursing sows are directly related to the health of the piglets. Newly born piglets must not have strong breastmilk, which can cause diarrhea. Reduce the amount of concentrate feed three days before delivery, generally about 30% on the basis of feeding in the late pregnancy. The feeding must be stopped on the day of childbirth. Feed proper amount of salt water before labor to promote water and electrolyte balance. Feeding was started on the second day after delivery and the feed amount was 1 kg/day. After the daily increase of 0.25 ~ 0.5kg until the normal intake. In addition, on the day of childbirth (especially in hot summer), sows are injected with antibiotics to prevent bacterial infections due to childbirth in the sow's birth canal. It is also effective in preventing obstetric diseases such as endometritis and mastitis. Commonly used effective measures. 2 Feeding and lures The growth of piglets is extremely rapid, but rapid growth can only be achieved on the premise of obtaining sufficient nutrients. From the regularity of lactating lactation, the peak period of lactation was about 3 to 4 weeks after delivery, and then it gradually decreased. At the peak of lactation, milk nutrition is difficult to meet the nutritional needs of piglets growth, so timely feeding, which can not only effectively prevent piglets diarrhea, but also to meet the nutritional needs of piglets growth, effectively improve the weaning weight of piglets. In general, the fifth day (usually 7 days) starts to attract and feed. However, the following basic steps should be taken into account when feeding materials. 2.1 The characteristics of digestive physiology of early induced piglets were "digestive organs are not fully developed and imperfect digestive function." It is embodied in: the small size, small capacity, and imperfect function of the digestive organs; the stomach volume is only 1/20th of the volume of the “Wangwang†stage, and the length of the small intestine is only 1/5 of the length of the “Wangshi†stage. The volume of the intestine is only 1/50 of the bowel volume in the “Wang Shi†stage, and the digestive glands have no growth and maturity, leading to difficulty in the secretion of digestive juices; the piglets in the newborn piglets only contain rennin in the stomach, there is little pepsin, and the fundus glands Underdeveloped, can not produce gastric acid, in the absence of gastric acid, pepsin is not active, does not have the ability to digest protein, only through appropriate food stimulation, so that the activity of pepsin due to stimulation of neuroreactivity changes, can gradually enhance . 2.2 After a few years of trial and error, the author explored a set of highly feasible technical solutions. At the age of 5 days, it began to attract feed and use self-made synthetic ultrafine materials (artificial pepsin + dilute hydrochloric acid + multivitamin + animal protein based on milk powder + sauteed powdered corn, soybeans, etc. + Sugar) The method of attracting food is the same as the method described above. But pay attention to the details of a key: at the beginning, use special ingredients to savor magnified on the pig's nose, mandatory contact with the feed and appreciate its taste, every day, from 9:30 am to 3 pm: Between 00, 1 hour/time. Using this method for super-early feeding, the effect is very good. The piglets learn to eat after 12 days and they can be weaned by 18 days. The weight of piglets at weaning is mostly between 5.5 and 6.0 kg, which fully meets the requirements for weaning and lays the foundation for early isolation and weaning techniques. On this basis, we conducted a 14-day super early isolation weaning trial and achieved success. However, the feeding technology of super-early weaned piglets remains to be further studied; in addition, sows are still at the peak of milk secretion due to premature weaning, which increases the possibility of mastitis in sows and affects the next. Lactation of milk during lactation has not been promoted until this problem is effectively solved. 3 Weaning, childcare period 3.1 Weaned piglets weigh more than 5.0kg (preferably between 5.5 and 6.0kg) and fully learn to eat to meet the requirements for weaning. Before weaning, we must pay attention to the local weather forecast and try to wean the days when there is no sunshine or sudden temperature change. After determining the weaning date, the sows’ feed intake must be reduced in the first 3 days. This not only allows the piglets to adapt to the dry feed in advance (because the sows’ feed intake is reduced, the piglets will increase the dry Feed intake has achieved a good transitional effect, and it can also effectively promote early estrus in sows. The specific methods of weaning include gradual weaning, weaning in batches, and weaning at one time. The disadvantages of the first two methods are wasted manpower, prolonged breastfeeding, and affecting sow's reproductive performance. Modern, all-in, all-out, intensive pig farms use a one-time weaning method to ensure full access. This is also the most desirable method, but this method is suddenly strong, and it can easily cause the piglets to have a greater stress response, because weaning means changes in the living environment. Therefore, in order to reduce stress, weaning sows at the time of weaning should minimize the changes in the environment. Under such measures, we should follow the principle of “two maintenances and three transitionsâ€. That is, we must maintain the original circle and maintain the original feed. To achieve a gradual transition of environmental conditions, feed, feeding system. 3.1.1 The transition of the environment After weaning, the piglets will be very uneasy in the first two days. They often call out their mothers, especially at night. In order to stabilize the unrest of the piglets and reduce the loss caused by stress, the “original circle culture methodâ€, which does not transfer from the original circus and the non-mixed group, is generally adopted to allow the piglets to stay in the delivery room for 1 week. While adhering to keeping the same litter, the weak piglets in each litter with excessive weight disparity (weight difference of more than 1kg) can be combined and raised separately to increase the uniformity of the herd, but care should be taken to prevent bites from being caused by excessive fighting. After 1 week, it was transferred to a nursery that had been thoroughly cleaned and sterilized. With this method of transition, the stress caused by environmental changes can be minimized. 3.1.2 Transitions of Feed and Feeding Systems While carrying out environmental transitions in the sire groups, it is possible to carry out transitions in feed and feeding systems. 7 to 10 days after weaning is the transition period between feeding and feeding systems. From the second day after weaning, piglets were gradually added to piglets previously fed to the piglets and added daily in proportion to the amount of feed; the amount of feeding was also gradually increased according to the feeding status of the piglets, and the amount of feed started was itself. About 5% of body weight, less frequently fed Tim, to 5 ~ 6 times / day is appropriate, if there is no diarrhea caused by overeating and then gradually added to the amount of free intake, this will get the ideal weaning weight. 3.1.3 Pay attention to the supply of clean drinking water to the piglets, and regularly check the automatic drinker to prevent the diarrhea of ​​piglets caused by insufficient drinking water or affect the normal growth and development of piglets. In addition, the requirements for temperature of weaned piglets are still very high, and the temperature requirements of pigs with different weights are slightly different. Specifically, the insulation system can be established according to the weight of weaned piglets (see Table 1), but do not ignore the temperature while ensuring the indoor temperature. The harm of thief wind. The humidity requirement is controlled between 65% and 75%. 3.2 Conservation Care is an important stage to consolidate the results of the transition to weaning. Attention should be paid to the maintenance and renewal of infrastructure, and feeding and management is the key. Feeding at piglet nursery stage is best carried out in a net-bed nursery. The advantages of using a net bed are: the piglet leaves the ground, reduces the heat loss caused by conduction heat dissipation on the winter ground, and raises the raising temperature; dung, urine, and sewage can pass through in time. Sewage into the manure trench, piglets to reduce the chance of contact with dirt, keep the bed clean and dry, can effectively suppress the occurrence and spread of diarrhea in piglets, improve piglet survival rate, growth rate, individual uniformity and feed utilization. Verification showed that piglets reared on a net bed (35-70 days old) had a 15% increase in daily gain and a 12.6% increase in daily feed intake compared with ground-fed piglets. However, attention should be paid to the density of the net bed, and 0.3-4. 3.3 Feeding and management must be immunized strictly according to the immunization procedure; feeding a sufficient amount of feed should be done regularly, relative quantification, avoiding waste, feeding times 5 times/day, feeding once at 9:30 pm, can significantly increase Daily weight gain; In addition, the pens should be cleaned and disinfected regularly, cleaned regularly, and kept dry while giving the piglets a quiet environment as much as possible. 4 Summary discussion According to the above operation requirements, piglets with bright fur and high uniformity can be raised, which can ensure that the piglets can successfully survive the three important stages of “feeding, feeding, attracting, and weaning†in the feeding and management, so as to improve the survival rate of the whole group. The purpose of transit weight. At present, in East China, the survival rate of the whole group has reached 94.3%, and the average weight of the group is 23.7kg. However, due to the relatively backward infrastructure of pig farms and the limitation of hardware and technical indicators, the solution to the problem of piglets management in these three aspects is not only technical but also related to the production of various factors. The corresponding economic conditions under the support of continuous improvement. At present, the multi-point all-into-industrial pig farm that is more favorable for piglet growth needs a large amount of capital investment. Under the conditional construction, the sow breeding and piglet breeding techniques will be more complete and mature. Only under the premise of continuous improvement of technology and basic conditions can we achieve the goal of continuously improving production technology indicators. Table 1 Temperature requirements for weaned piglets of the same weight (for reference only) Weaned piglet weight (kg) Appropriate temperature range (°C)
1%Cordycepin Cordyceps Mycelia Powder is one of the Extracts Of Cordyceps Mycelia and an Fruit&Vegetable Powerof our company. It is a white powder formed by extraction, concentration and drying of the whole Cordyceps Mycelia as raw material.
Cordyceps Mycelia, Chinese medicine name.For ergot family plant Cordyceps Mycelia(BerK.)Sacc.A complex of the daughter seat and the corpse of the larva that parasitises on the larvae of the batidae.Has the function of tonifying kidney and lung, hemostasis and phlegm.In charge of impotence spermatorrhea, waist and knee pain, chronic cough, asthenia asthma, cough sputum and blood. Cordyceps Mycelia Powder,Cordyceps Mycelium Powder,Fermented Cordyceps Mycelium Powder,Cordyceps Mushroom Supplement Shaanxi Kepler Biotech Co.,Ltd , https://www.keplerherb.com
Therefore, early enticement can promote digestive function enhancement, but the ingredients of the feed used must be considered when feeding. Artificial milk is now commonly used (the use of Anyou artificial milk is more common). The method for attracting education is: artificial milk is mixed with water (hot water is used on cold days and cold water is used on hot days) to make 10% milk, placed in a teaching tray, and the amount to be finished in 20 minutes is appropriate. More than one time; another teaching tray put dry material, it is best to add a small amount, so as not to waste. When the food is ready to be eaten, the automatic water supply facilities will be raised (but in the height range that the sows can drink), and the piglets will be restricted from drinking water. When the piglets are thirsty, they will naturally drink the prepared milk. When they lick their mouths, they can feed on dry materials. 5 days will have a good effect. In this way, pigs can usually learn to eat after 15 days and can be weaned after 21 days.
A combination of a fungus (cordyceps sinensis) of the family Ergot and a batmoth larva formed under special conditions. The head of the larva is solitary and slender like a baseball bat, 4~11cm long.Cordyceps is a strange combination of insect and grass. In winter, it is a worm, and in summer, grass grows out of the worm.The worm is the larva of the cordyceps bat moth, a species of cordyceps fungus.
The completely wild cordyceps sinensis is divided by professionals into Qinghai grass (meaning produced in Qinghai Province), Tibetan grass (some people express meaning produced in Tibet Autonomous Region), Sichuan grass (meaning produced in Sichuan Province), Yunnan grass, Gansu grass, furnace grass, shrub grass, etc