Super high-yield cultivation techniques for single-season hybrid rice
Since the breeding of hybrid rice, a lot of work has been done around high-yield cultivation techniques. In general, high-yield cultivation techniques should be rationally formulated with good fertilizer water, planting density and strong growth, and maximize the potential for high yield. 1 Influencing factors of high yield and quality of hybrid rice in the production process How to expand the library and increase the source, the group and the individual coordinate with each other, continuously increase the yield and actively improve the quality of the rice; how to effectively absorb the effective ear in the available light energy space, significantly improve the upper forest ear; How to achieve evenness in the amount of flat load, and then significantly increase the overall number of spikes. According to the production practice, it is necessary to make full use of the three-dimensional cultivation techniques of the three sides to improve the light conditions, and then significantly enhance the photosynthesis of the leaves, help the vigor of the leaves in the late growth stage, and then promote the photosynthetic products to gradually move to the ears. In addition, the decrease of temperature and humidity inside the group reduces the incidence of respiratory loss, significantly increases the assimilation rate, and reduces the occurrence of disease in the middle and lower parts of rice. 2 Super-high-yield cultivation background of single-season hybrid rice in China 2.1 The inevitable development requirement for the development of rice production to a high level On the basis of summing up the traditional experience, the agronomic community in China has carried out a lot of practical research on the operation principle of rice in different regions, and has formed high-yield cultivation techniques and cultivation theories with characteristics. The yield of rice has increased from 120kg/667hm at the beginning of the founding of the People's Republic of China to 440kg/667hm today. 2.2 The basic needs of China's actual international With more people and less land, the arable land is continuously decreasing and the population is increasing. The food security problem is becoming more and more significant. In order to resolve the above contradictions, we must adhere to a stable planting area, do our utmost to increase yields and increase total output. 2.3 Intrinsic requirements After more than ten years of research, more than 80 super rice varieties have been cultivated. In the process of acceptance of super rice, the single-season rice only reached 488kg~596kg/667hm. It is necessary to strengthen various supporting super high-yield cultivation techniques to give play to the advantages of super rice production. 2.4 Direct demand for high-yield creation The most direct demand for high-yield production is to achieve 690kg/667hm of single-season rice on 10,000-mu contiguous pieces. Direct guidance on the theory of super high-yield cultivation is needed, and localized demonstration of super high-yield cultivation techniques is needed in various regions. 3 The basic goal of cultivating super high-yield plant types The storage capacity per unit area is more consistent with the requirements of super high-yield indicators. The output of the index is 700kg/667hm, and the storage capacity is 800kg/667hm. Most varieties have special characteristics. Increasing the storage capacity is the main target of cultivation; the area per plant and the number of panicles per unit area More than one, super high yield alone is difficult to solve the above problems, and it is necessary to compete for large spikes on the basis of multiple spikes; lodging is one of the biggest obstacles in super high yield cultivation; the ratio of the pool to the top leaf area should be stable at 25mg/ Around cm, most of the promoted varieties, the ratio of leaves to leaves is too low, and it is necessary to improve as much as possible during the cultivation process; the top 1~3 leaves are long and thick, and the leaves of the stem base are relatively short. In this case, the stem base leaves should be appropriately shortened. Make the top 1~3 leaves thicker and erect, so that the rice can be expanded under the group conditions; the root system is deeper and more energetic, and it can still absorb more nitrogen from the soil after heading, thus increasing the material after the heading period. Production; the ratio of grain to grass is maintained at around 1.2, and the above ratio is a good indicator of vegetative growth and reproductive growth and good grouting at the later stage. 4 Super high-yield cultivation strategies and corresponding supporting technologies for hybrid rice 4.1 Increase organic fertilizer Super high-yield hybrid rice varieties need 220kg/hm nitrogen, and the base fertilizer consumption of organic fertilizer needs to reach more than 55%. After planting rice for 3 days, urea was used from 105kg to 145kg/hm, and 8d~12d after planting. The quick-acting fertilizer was maintained in the leaf age period, and was maintained by organic fertilizer during the whole mid-potential growth process. 4.2 Reforming the breeding technology The premise of the ear is: the ear of the 8 leaves is divided into the ear. The seedlings should reach the basic extension of the leaf axils, and the effective seedlings should be produced before the 8th leaf of the tillering stage. Water retention and protection, 蘖 蘖 蘖 苗 苗 苗 苗 苗 苗 苗 苗 苗 苗 苗 苗 苗 苗 苗 苗 苗 苗 苗 苗 苗 苗 苗 苗 苗 苗 苗 苗 苗 苗 苗 苗 苗 苗 苗 苗 苗 苗 ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; 560 holes (750 holes) are available, and the age is controlled within 1.4 leaves. After no-tillage planting, keep the shallow water layer at 7 leaves, and drain the rice field when the number of effective seedlings is sufficient. 4.3 Strictly control the medium-term group After planting rice for 20d~24d, it is best to send 100% spikes before the effective tillering of the dead leaves, then drain the rice field, and after drying to the 4 leaves, control the length of the 5th and 6th leaves (30cm~ 35cm), the maximum number of spikes required to control the number of spikes is 1.0 to 1.2 times. Control the medium-term population, the length of the central leaves; consolidate the original number of stems so that the rice can grow healthily. In the process of specific methods, it is necessary to master the leaf color change to ensure obvious leaf color fading during the 5-leaf birth period, which not only promotes the foundation of chemical fertilizer, but also provides sufficient nutrients for the base internodes to control the overall leaf length of the middle part. . 4.4 Master the basic principles of cultivation techniques Select the high-yield concentration of deep soil and good drainage, deepen the tillage layer to 20cm~25cm; use the large-ear type and high seed setting rate; adjust the sowing period, and arrange the yield formation period at the most ideal stage of light and temperature. Medium; use sown, foot potassium, foot nitrogen, etc. to cultivate leaf mites; choose sunny days and no wind and no rain in the warm afternoon to transplant rice, the specific planting density should be based on the basic characteristics of the variety and soil fertility, combined with local planting habits, Planting 10,000~20,000 plexes per 667m; applying organic fertilizer and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer to ensure a certain planting density, and controlling the amount of pure nitrogen in the medium fertility soil surface every 4kg~6kg/667m. 4.5 Do a good job of preventing lodging, preventing premature aging, preventing madness, and preventing high temperature and heat damage Select rice varieties with strong stalks and strong lodging resistance, rationally carry out close planting and fertilization, timely ditch drainage, shorten the length between stems, and comprehensive prevention and control of pests and diseases; strengthen fertilizer management in the middle and late stages, prevent mid-term defamation and early premature aging Top dressing outside the roots (0.5~1.0g urea per acre), dry and wet irrigation method in the later stage, coordinate the water and nutrient conflicts in the soil, strengthen the absorption, prevent premature aging; adopt artificial rice method, cut rice Part of the root system, falling dry water layer; in addition, can spray 15% paclobutrazol wettable powder 150g; use heat-resistant varieties, such as Youzao 3, suitable sowing, avoid high temperature time during rice flowering period, advocate the use of rare earth pure nutrition Agent, 30g of water with 30g per acre. The high yield of hybrid rice is mainly manifested in effective spikes; the number of grains per ear is high; the seed setting rate is high. The above small series has compiled a super high-yield cultivation technique for single-season hybrid rice for everyone. Welcome farmers who need it to come to Huinong.com.
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