Green pepper rotten fruit prevention method
Green pepper rotten fruit is caused by a variety of diseases, but the source of the disease is different and the symptoms are different. Today, we will share with you the symptoms, incidence and control methods of green pepper rotten fruit. 1, the disease caused by the rotten fruit Symptoms, Incidence and Control Methods of Green Pepper Rotten Fruit The green pepper disease is the devastating disease in sweet peppers in spring greenhouses. Once the onset of spring sheds, green peppers can quickly spread in the shed. Generally within 3 to 5 days, plant death can be caused, and the loss can often reach 20% to 30%, as well as total production. 1.1 Green pepper rot fruit symptoms recognition It can be diseased throughout the growing period, and is most vulnerable after fruiting. The onset of seedlings occurs mostly in the root and neck. The base of the stem was initially immersed in water, dark green, followed by a large fusiform. The disease department was obviously curled up and dark brown, and the seedlings were easy to fold down. When the humidity is high, the diseased part can grow white sparse moldy layer. When the adult is affected by the neck, stem, and lateral branches, it forms a dark brown, long-spotted spot that can be surrounded by stems and is 3 to 5 cm long. There is a clear boundary between disease and health, and the lesions are sunken or slightly constricted. The upper leaves of the affected plants were dark in color and the lower part was chlorotic. The leaves were wilting and defoliating until they died. The lesions on the leaf were water-stained at the beginning, and later expanded into nearly round or irregularly shaped large spots. The diseased leaves were dark green and easily shrank and fell off. The fruit was firstly attacked at the pedicle, and the water spot of the lesion expanded and developed toward the fruit surface and stalk. The diseased fruit is gray-green, followed by grayish soft rot, and sometimes dark brown concentric rings. The diseased fruit can shrink without falling off, and the thin white mold layer can be produced on the wet weather. 1.2 Green pepper rotten fruit incidence rules Caused by the flagellinia Phytophthora. The temperature is higher than 10 °C in the 10th day, and the disease can be found in the greenhouse. The incidence is the fastest in 27-30 °C, and the high temperature environment above 35 °C causes the disease to slow down. The most important factor affecting the severity of the disease is soil moisture. Generally, in April-May, rainfall increased, sunshine was less, air relative humidity was high, and soil evaporation was small. This was especially the case when the fruit was inflated and matured, the water in the greenhouse was increased, and the soil water content was 40%. The higher the soil moisture, the faster and heavier the disease. Diseases such as cultivation and continuous cropping in Pingshuo are also serious. 1.3 green pepper rotten fruit control method 1.3.1 Seed disinfection Soaking with warm water at 52 °C for 14 min, or pour 1 kg of seeds into 80 mL of sulfuric acid and mix thoroughly for 5 to 6 minutes. After rinsing with fresh water, soak for 4 to 8 hours before sowing. 1.3.2 seed bed sterilization It is best to use a paddy field or bed soil as a seedbed instead of a green pepper bed. 1 month before you make a bed. Seed bed soil should be added fine dust, edible fungus culture waste to increase soil aeration and provide seedling nutrition. Prior to nursery, 10 to 12 g of Fermi and 20 kg of seedbed soil were mixed into the soil for each square meter of seedbed, 2/3 of the medicinal soil was applied to the bed, and the other 1/3 was used to cover the seeds. 1.3.3 Cultivation and disease prevention With the leeks or beans for 2 to 3 years of rotation, remove the green pepper stalks before the field. In addition to the needs of agricultural operations, less interspersed in the fields. Level land and implement high ridge cultivation. The width of the high ridge bottom is 90cm, the width of the top is 50cm, and the width of the bottom is 20cm. The double rows were planted on both sides of the upper and lower ridges, and the planting height was not to overflow the root neck when irrigation, and it was not difficult for the plants to absorb water. Or the implementation of grooved film, the film on the cultivation method of water irrigation. Specific methods: irrigation before the colonization of ridges, furrows when the ditch is wet when the film is laid in the ditch, so that it is affixed to the ridge bottom; along the ditch bottom and 1/3 height on both sides of a hole, hole spacing and spacing between the plants, the aperture 0.3 ~ 1.5cm; When the water is poured, the groundwater is filled with water, and the base of the plant is not exposed to water. Drip irrigation is the best condition. Timely removal of the diseased plants and carrying them out of the field for destruction. 1.3.4 Chemical control Before application, use 25% metalaxyl WP 0.5 kg per 667 m2, add water to disinfect soil by 70L, or use 200 times liquid to irrigate the roots at the beginning of disease. In the case of a central diseased plant in the field, roots were closed with 50% trebic copper wettable powder 250 times and 0.3% copper sulfate. After planting, it is possible to use 43% Remanufactured Copper Wettable Powder 500 times, 58% Reagents Manganese Zinc Wettable Powder 400～500 times, and 25% Metalaxyl Wettable Powder 600 times. Irrigation, 667m2 dose 50 ~ 60L liquid. Pay attention to the alternate use of agents to prevent drug resistance. 2, gray mold caused by rotten fruit The disease is caused by the infection of cinera cinerea. Low temperature (20 to 30°C), high humidity (90%), poor ventilation, high density, poor management, poor plant disease resistance and other diseases are serious. The pathogens overwinter in the sick and in the soil, spread through air currents, irrigation water, and farming, and invade from wounds, aging, or dead tissue. 2.1 symptoms Seedling stage, adult stage can be disease. Seedlings are infected, the apex of the cotyledon is withered, and then spreads to the young stem. The young stem is constricted and becomes thin. It is easy to break off and die from the diseased part. Severe diseased seedlings died and severely destroyed the shed. True-leaf disease appears semi-circular to a nearly circular hazel-striped spot, and later leaves or stems can grow out of gray mold, causing the disease to rot. Adults infected with the disease, a large blister-shaped spot first formed at the leaf margin, then browned to form an elliptical or nearly round yellowish rhinophyte spot, densely covered with a gray mold layer, severe consequential large patches, and dry whole leaves. The fruit was infected, and the young fruit had a brownish brown spot around the fruit peduncle first, dark brown after expansion, depression and rot, and irregular lenticular gray moldy material on the surface. 2.2 Control methods 2.2.1 Shed room ventilation in time, watering arrangements in the sunny morning, appropriate control of watering, flooding and excessive flooding should not be avoided. 2.2.2 In the early stage of onset, 50% ketonic wettable powder can be sprayed at 1 500-2000 times, 50% nellikon wettable powder 1000 times, 40% polysulfide suspension 500 times, and 36% methylthiobacillus. Spirit suspension 500 times. 2.2.3 When sweet peppers are used for flowering, add 0.1% of 50% fasting WP, 50% acetaminophen, 50% nongrill WP or more than 50% to growth regulators. Dendril WP. 3, rot caused by sclerotinia Sclerotinia halodendron can be susceptible to disease from seedlings to adult plants. It is mainly harmful to the stem base and can also harm stems, leaves and petioles, flowers, fruits and stalks. The bacteria prefers a warm and humid environment. The optimum temperature for the disease environment is 20 to 25°C, and the relative humidity is above 90%. The most suitable period for the development of a susceptible disease is the adult to flowering and fruit setting period. Onset of incubation period 5-8d. 3.1 3 to 5 years of crop rotation with grass crops. 3.2 Deep-turning in time, covering the film. 3.3 with 25% carbendazim WP, 10g per square meter, mixed soil 1kg sprinkled on the soil surface, timely removal of the central diseased plants, pay attention to the ventilation of the greenhouse to prevent excessive humidity. 3.4 Select 50% carbendazim WP 800 to 1000 times liquid spray; 50% fast keratin or nongren wettable powder 1500 to 2000 times liquid, use 2 to 3 times. 4, anthrax caused by rotten fruit At the beginning, it was a water-stained yellow-brown round spot, often with dark spots. The leaves were infected with chlorotic spots beginning with water stains, followed by brownish edges and light gray patches on the center. In the result phase, 75% of chlorothalonil 400 times solution or 70% thiophanate-methyl 800 times solution was used for spraying. The disease was sprayed with a 300-times new 300,000 solution to prevent the plant from dropping. It is appropriate. 5, rotten fruit caused by rotten fruit The fruit is rotted and rotted. When the temperature is high, the sick department produces a lot of white mold. Sunny day can be sprayed with 64% antivirus 400 times liquid, overcast or rainy days (greater than 85%) fumigated with 20% slow steam moxa, 250-300 g per 667 m2, closed in the evening Shed room, lit the potion, opened the air outlet after the sunrise the next day to release the air exhaust, before entering the shed operation. Anesthesia Medical Co., Ltd. , https://www.jssinoanesthesias.com