High-quality and high-yield cultivation and management techniques for spring potato in northern China

The high-yield cultivation techniques of potatoes are based on the premise of local conditions. China's agricultural technology is developing rapidly. There are many varieties of high-yield potatoes, but not all high-yield potato varieties are suitable for spring potato planting in the north. Before the selection of potato varieties, the local soil conditions and climate conditions should be examined, and the use of potatoes should be analyzed to determine the suitable potato varieties.

1 Preparation for the cultivation of potatoes in the early stage

1.1 Selection of varieties

There are three main criteria for assessing potato varieties. One is whether the potato variety has the expected yield, the second is whether it has strong disease resistance, and the third is whether the quality of the potato is superior. For example, the climate in the northern region is as follows (both in years), the average temperature is 4 °C, the frost-free period can reach 4 months, the precipitation is 430 mm, the evaporation is about 1599 mm, the sunshine duration can reach 3000 h, and the total solar radiation The amount of 491.4kJ/cm2 should be the first choice for potato high-yield varieties under standard conditions.

1.2 Seed treatment

In order to increase the germination rate of the potato, an appropriate method is used to pretreat the seed. If the seed has already germinated before it enters the soil, its growth rate will increase, and the sun and temperature will be better utilized for photosynthesis, thus ensuring high yield of the potato. The seed pretreatment work is mainly germination. The condition of germination is that the potato is placed in the darkness of about 15 °C about two weeks before the seed is placed in the soil, and then the potato seeds are exposed to indirect light. When the seeds of the potato sprout, they start to cut. It should be noted that disinfection should be carried out before dicing, with 70% alcohol as the best disinfectant. The high-yield cultivation technique of potato is to prevent the potato seed from festering by disinfection, thereby reducing the emergence rate of the potato. Finally, the diced seeds should be mixed in the relevant trace elements to promote the healing of the cut surface. When the seeds are healed, they can be planted in the soil.

2 cultivation operation planting

2.1 Sowing

High-yield potato cultivation techniques select cultivars according to the level of soil fertility. In the traditional potato cultivation process, the yield of the same variety of potatoes on different plots is different, which indicates that there is a close relationship between the yield of the potato and the fertility of the potato variety and the soil of the plot. Therefore, before the high-yield cultivation of potatoes, the soil fertility of the plot should be analyzed and tested, and then the corresponding varieties of potatoes should be matched according to the soil fertility. Before planting, the soil is tested. If the soil salinity is too high, the irrigation method should be chosen to dilute the mineral content of the soil to avoid burning. If the mineral content in the soil is relatively low and belongs to poor land, it should be recorded, and the amount of fertilizer should be increased in the subsequent fertilization process.

2.2 Fertilization

Fertilizer is an essential nutrient for the growth of potato plants. For the newly cultivated potatoes, the amount of chemical fertilizer applied is not accurate, and it is easy to cause the fertilizer content in the soil to be too high to produce a burning condition. This is not conducive to the increase in potato production. Therefore, during cultivation and cultivation, organic fertilizer and farmyard manure should be used more. According to the calculation, during the high-yield cultivation and cultivation of potato, the amount of base fertilizer applied by organic fertilizer was 15t/hm2 applied at one time.

2.3 Irrigation

The high-yield cultivation techniques of potato have high requirements on the survival rate of seedlings, and water is an important element to ensure the survival of seedlings. Affected by the climate, there is very little precipitation during the dry season, which is likely to cause the survival rate of the seedlings to be too low and the production to be reduced. Therefore, after cultivation, we should pay attention to the weather changes and prepare for irrigation. In the early stages of cultivation, the standard for irrigation is to keep the soil moist. When the seedlings are flourishing, maintain adequate water supply to maintain their life activities. It is important to note that when the plant has just finished its results, it is necessary to promote its buds by moisture regulation. The more the shoots of the potato, the higher the yield will be. This is the key to high-yield cultivation techniques for potatoes, so it should be given high priority.

3 Management in the later stage of cultivation

3.1 Prevention of pests and diseases

The lush period of potato growth is summer. Summer temperature and moisture and light are very beneficial to the growth of potato plants, but summer is also the season with the most serious agricultural pests. In order to achieve high yields, it is necessary to protect the seedlings, so it is necessary to respond to the pest control. The more common pests that erode potatoes are ants, cockroaches, locusts, larvae, and other insecticides. Some insecticides can be used to control the erosion of pests during the management process, or the pesticides are incorporated into the soil, and the potatoes are covered in the roots. .

3.2 Fertilization and weeding

The potato is a massive stem fruit, which requires a large amount of elements during its growth, so it must be fertilized regularly after cultivation to ensure its nutrient supply. At different stages of potato plant growth, the types and quantities of chemical elements are different, so it is necessary to observe the growth of potato plants in real time, observe the elements needed for their growth, and then selectively apply scientific fertilization. The high yield of potato is directly related to its nutrient absorption. On the one hand, fertilization should be carried out, on the other hand, weeding should be carried out in time. Usually, the vitality of the weeds is tenacious, and it is a strong opponent of the potato plants. If the weeds are not removed in time, the weeds will absorb the soil and water in the land, thus affecting the growth of the potatoes. In addition, weeds cover the surface and affect the direct sunlight, which affects the soil temperature, which is very unfavorable for the development of potato tubers. Therefore, after cultivation, we must do a good job of fertilizing and weeding.

3.3 Harvest

Autumn is the season of potato harvesting. Because the potato will light up or become dark after being blown by the wind, it will seriously affect the quality of the potato. This green potato is also poisonous and will affect the health of the consumer. Therefore, it is necessary to harvest the potato. Preparation for shading and windshield. If the potato is harvested artificially, the construction period is relatively long, and the real-time shading and wind-shielding work should be done; if the machine harvests the potato, the depth of the excavation should be measured to avoid the machine cutting the potato to affect its quality and appearance. Because the machine harvests potatoes quickly and has a large output, it is necessary to pay attention to the weather forecast before harvesting, and avoid the weather, such as precipitation, cooling and exposure, affecting the storage of potatoes.

In summary, Huinong.com found that potato cultivation techniques should pay attention to various management contents before and after cultivation, and cultivation techniques need to be integrated into many factors in the cultivation process, only in the process of coordination and cultivation. The various issues can make the technology play its due role. Therefore, relevant agricultural technicians and agricultural workers should pay attention to the high-yield cultivation techniques of potatoes, and pay attention to whether the various indicators are in place in the specific cultivation process. Careful observation and documentation during the growth of the potato is important for improving and optimizing the cultivation techniques.

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