Prevention and cure method of three diseases of summer bitter gourd
1. Downy mildew Also called horse running, black hair. The main damage to the leaves of bitter gourd, especially in the melon period. The general pathogens invade from the stomata of the leaves, initially producing water-soaked yellowish spots on the leaves, which are enlarged by the veins and are polygonal, yellow-brown, and gray to black-black mold (spore sac) on the back of the lesions when wet. In case of continuous rainy, the diseased leaves will rot. If it is sunny, it will be dry and brittle. Generally, it will develop from the bottom to the top. When the disease is heavy, the whole plant will die. Prevention (1) Select resistant varieties. (2) Cultivate strong seedlings, improve disease resistance, strictly control the moisture in the seedling stage, pay attention to ventilation and dehumidification, especially after planting, before controlling the melon, control the watering, and properly watering during the melon period, but it is strictly forbidden to flood the water; Plants are appropriately planted to enhance ventilation and light transmission; phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are added to increase disease resistance of plants; and old leaves and diseased leaves are removed in time. (3) The drug control seedlings are sprayed once before planting, and 50% Fumex 500 times solution can be used. At the beginning of the onset period, 75% chlorothalonil WP 600 times solution or 56% mold WP 750 times solution can be sprayed. The back of the leaf should be sprayed once every 7-10 days, and sprayed continuously for 2 times. Control spread. 2, powdery mildew It occurs on winter melon and pumpkin plants, mainly in leaves, followed by petioles and vines. It first grows small round powdery mildew on the front or back of the lower leaves of the plant, gradually expanding and thick, and soon becomes a piece. In the later stage of the disease, the whole leaf was covered with white powder, which turned grayish white, and finally the whole leaf turned into a yellow-brown dry. Most of the disease begins from the middle and lower leaves, and then gradually spreads to the upper leaves. Prevention (1) Select resistant varieties. (2) Strengthening cultivation management should pay attention to cultivating strong seedlings, rationally close planting, timely pruning and leafing, improving ventilation and light transmission conditions, making plants grow robust and improve disease resistance. The base fertilizer needs to be added with phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, and excessive use of nitrogen fertilizer should be avoided during the growth period. (3) Pharmacy control occurs during flowering and cassation, and the leaves are covered with white powder, which causes the leaves to lose green and yellow, causing premature senescence of the plants, resulting in interval flowering and melon and juvenile malformation, shortening the harvesting period, when the leaves are on the leaves When white powder appears, it should be sprayed once every 7-10d foliar 1500 times aqueous solution of azole, or 1000 times of rusting aqueous solution, or 600 times of sulfur suspension solution. When spraying, pay attention to the uniform spray on the middle and lower leaves and the back of the leaves. In the early stage of the disease, spray once every 7 to 10 days, continuous 2 to 3 times, can achieve better control effect. 3, the disease The epidemic is the main disease of bitter gourd, which usually occurs on the ground or near the ground. At the beginning of the onset, the diseased part was dark green, and then gradually expanded soft rot. When wet, the surface was densely covered with white cotton, and the diseased melon rotted and smelled bad. Prevention (1) Select disease-resistant varieties for prevention; choose plots with high ground and good drainage. (2) The implementation of crop rotation on the plot of bitter gourd requires the implementation of 3 to 4 years of melon or melon crop rotation. (3) Grafting of farmhouse meat loofah varieties, such as Changsha pork loofah as rootstock grafting bitter gourd, can prevent blight and blight. (4) Strengthen the field management to apply high-quality organic fertilizer with high-yield, increase the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, and pre-cast the raft. (5) Pharmacy prevention and control before the arrival of the rainy season, after the rain, the diseased plants were found to be removed in time, and immediately sprayed or watered with 70% Kedan WP 600-800 times or Mn-Zn WP 500 times, or 58 %æ—©éœœçµ WP 500 times liquid spray, can also use 25% metalaxyl powder 800 times liquid plus 40% Fumei double wettable powder 800 times liquid irrigation root, requires uniform and fine spraying, all leaves and nearby ground Spray it, spray once every 7 to 10 days, and spray a total of 3 to 4 times. The drainage pump is often used for urban waterlogging, rural and forest fires to prevent and deal with emergencies. It supplies water to the fire site through pressure pipelines or fire monitors, and can also be used for drainage when large-scale flooding occurs. 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