The Causes of Cracking of Eggplant and Its Control Measures
During the growth of eggplant, due to factors such as temperature, trace elements, fertilization, and pests, the symptoms of fruit cracking often appear. According to the cracking site, the size of the crack is also different, which seriously affects the commercial value of the eggplant fruit and causes economic loss. Prevention. The reasons for the cracking of eggplant and the prevention measures are described below. First, the reasons for eggplant cracking 1. Temperature: Improper temperature is an important cause of cracking of eggplant skin. When eggplant first grows 3-4 true leaves, flower bud differentiation has already begun. The optimum temperature for eggplant flower bud differentiation is about 28 degrees Celsius. When the temperature is appropriate, the eggplant plants can germinate and differentiate normally, and grow. Stigmas, normal eggplant flowers and fruit. When the eggplant plants are abnormally germinated and differentiated, temperatures below 15 degrees Celsius will not affect the germination and differentiation of the eggplant, often resulting in differentiation of the stylized flowers that are dehiscent by the studs. Therefore, the fruits of the stylized, deformed flowers after the fertilization will be the skin Fruit cracking, and this fruit cracking site is often located in the umbilical part of the fruit. 2. Trace elements: Calcium is an indispensable element in the normal growth of eggplant. Calcium has the effect of increasing the thickness of the cell wall and the intercellular force. In the process of eggplant planting, calcium deficiency often leads to the thinning of the cell wall and the reduction of the intercellular joint force. During the process of fruit enlargement, the fruit epidermis will have a crack, and then the fruit will expand and form skin cracking fruit. Boron is also one of the essential elements of normal eggplant growth. Boron promotes the synthesis of pectin substances in the cells of eggplant fruits. Pectin is an intercellular substance that acts to bind cells together. In the process of eggplant cultivation, once boron is depleted, the content of pectin in the cells will be reduced. At this time, the toughness of the eggplant fruit will be reduced. In the process of rapid fruit enlargement, cracks will form in the skin of the fruit and cause skin cracking. 3. Too much nitrogen fertilizer: excessive nitrogen fertilizer application is also an important cause of skin cracking. Reasonable fertilization is an important condition for ensuring the normal growth of eggplant and fruit. First of all, when the eggplant is germinated and differentiated at the seedling stage, excessive use of nitrogen fertilizer will lead to excess nutrient at the growing point, resulting in poor flower bud differentiation, formation of style cracking, malformed flowers, and then fruit cracking skin cracking. In addition, excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer during the eggplant's result period will cause the inhibition of trace elements of calcium and boron in the soil, which in turn will aggravate the appearance of skin cracking fruit. 4. Plant management: Water management is not scientific. In particular, changes in soil moisture are also a major cause of skin cracking. When the eggplant is in fruit setting and during fruiting, the plant gradually takes nutrient uptake to reproductive growth. At this time, the plant's demand for water is relatively large, but if the eggplant fruit during the expansion, the fruit suddenly drops after rainfall, soil moisture Excessively large conditions, or sudden sunny rainy days, will cause the fruit to grow faster than the skin and form a large number of peels. 5. Pest risk: young fruit is also one of the reasons for skin cracking. Astragalus membranaceus is a kind of pest that causes serious damage in the process of eggplant cultivation. The tea plant damages the young fruit of the eggplant and causes the rough skin of the fruit and the internal tissue to continue to develop. The eggplant fruit does not grow long inside, resulting in fruit cracking. The fruit that is harmed by tea sorghum is a hard bitter taste of the cortex, and its commercial value is not high. 6. Poria cracking fruit: In addition to the cracking of the peel, there is a cracking part of the bud, which is the cracking fruit of the eggplant. The fruit with light cleft palate has reduced commercial value, and severe symptoms can only be removed and discarded. Therefore, the occurrence of pod cracking is one of the reasons that affect product efficiency. The main reason for the split fruit cracking is the improper use of plant growth regulators during the flowering of eggplant flowers. In the production, plants often use 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid for flowering, thereby increasing the fruit setting rate. However, when the plants are used at too high concentrations, repeat flowering, or at high temperatures at noon, the flowers have It may lead to excessive levels of growth hormone in the calyx, which in turn may lead to the formation of fruit cracks in the eggplant. Second, eggplant cracking prevention measures In the actual production process, what kind of measures should be taken to plant plants to avoid the large number of eggplant cracking it? 1. According to the life characteristics of eggplant flower bud differentiation, maintaining a proper amount of temperature is an important means to avoid the large number of cracked fruit. Under normal circumstances, in the eggplant nursery period, the daytime temperature is controlled at 27-25 degrees Celsius, and the nighttime temperature is controlled at 22-20 degrees Celsius. 2. Scientific management of watering and fertilization can also prevent the emergence of a large number of eggplant cracks. Experimental results show that for each 1000 kg of eggplant produced, 3.2 kg of nitrogen is required, of which, the nitrogen requirement in the seedling stage accounts for 3.3% of the total nitrogen requirement in the whole growth period, 33.2% in the flowering fruiting period, and 63.5% in the result period. Phosphorus pentoxide 0.94 kg. The seedling requirement accounted for 2.6% of the total growth period, and the flowering fruiting period was 31.3%. The result period was 16.3%. Therefore, the soil testing formula must be performed before eggplant cultivation to achieve balanced fertilization. When eggplant is raised, the moisture content of the substrate needs to be maintained between 60% and 80% so that the required moisture for normal growth of eggplant during the nursery period can be met. During the flowering period of eggplant, watering is generally not performed, and the water needed for supplementing the eggplant can be carried out by foliar spraying. During the eggplant fruiting period, each fruit harvested needs to be top-dressed once. 3. Appropriate supplement of calcium fertilizer, boron fertilizer to prevent calcium deficiency and boron deficiency. Scientifically using growth regulators to treat eggplant flowers is also the main method of avoiding the cracking of eggplants. Generally speaking, flowering can be performed when the eggplant flowers are just opened. In the actual production process, a concentration of 10-20ppm can be used. The 4-way phenoxyacetic acid solution is used to decorate and add some red ink and other colored dyes to the pharmaceutical solution prior to flowering so as to facilitate marking during flowering to avoid repeated flowering. In addition, in the configuration of alum solution, the concentration should also be flexibly formulated according to the temperature, when the temperature is high, the concentration is smaller; when the temperature is low, the concentration is greater. This flower is usually selected around 8:00 AM on sunny days. Draw the solution with a brush and apply it on the stalk and flower buds. Apply evenly. Lactobacillus Gasseri,Lactobacillus Gasseri Probiotic,Lactobacillus Gasseri Products,Lactobacillus Gasseri Supplement Jiangsu Biodep Biotechnology Co. ,Ltd. , https://www.mbioda.com