Key Techniques for High-yielding Cultivation of Virus-free Potatoes
1. Virus selection 1.1 Virus-free potato Virus-free potato is a potato species that has been tested to obtain no virus or minimal virus intrusion after a series of physical, chemical, biological or other technical measures to remove the virus in the potato block. Experiments have proved that the effect of virus-free seed potato production is significant, and the use of virus-free potato seeds can increase the yield per unit area by 30%-50%, and the high yield can increase production by 3-4 times. 1.2 Variety selection It is necessary to select high-yielding anti-virus seed potatoes according to local conditions. It is recommended that farmers choose the production of potato species in the high-cold areas and reputable companies. Appropriate early-maturing varieties planted in Jilin include: early morning white, Dutch No. 7, ultra-white (Early 50), Eugene, New Eugene, Fujin (looking for yellow pockmark), etc.; after harvest, two crops, such as cabbage and radish, can be planted. Sticky corn, etc.; middle and late-maturing varieties: Russia 7, Kexin 13, and newly cultivated Dunhae and other varieties. 2. Seed processing before planting 2.1 Dyed species, drying seeds, germination Seed potatoes are sowed in about 30 days before sowing, and they are planted in the indoor scattered light at 12°C-15°C, turning 1-2 times during the drying season. When the buds grow to white buds, they can be cut into pieces. . 2.2 Dices Cut the pieces 1-2 days before sowing, the knife should be disinfected with alcohol and other agents; the cuttings should be selected when the top buds grow vigorously, the dense end buds are cut open, and the body blocks are cut in spiral order, each piece should be taken For 1-2 buds, the cut weight should not be less than 30g. When the cuts are large, do not leave the potatoes. The sweet potatoes can be sowed. Chopped seeds can be placed in a cool, dry place and planted within 2-3 days. 2.3 Chemical seed dressing In order to prevent bad seeds and pests in the field after sowing, the seed dressing is applied. 1 kg of carbendazim plus 15 kg of talcum powder can be mixed evenly to handle 2,000 kg of seeds, and the mixture must be cut and trimmed. Other potato seed treatment agents, such as bio-potassium or plant-ash dressing, can also be used, and they can be used as indicated. 3. Soil fertilization method Potato is a hi-fat, fertile crop, with organic fertilizer as the main fertilizer and chemical fertilizer as the supplement. Fertilization method: According to the ground force one-time application of base fertilizer, organic fertilizer should be applied in depth or even before sowing, scattered evenly in the ditch, decomposed organic fertilizer fertilizer is generally 5000 kg per mu. In the application of organic fertilizers, phosphoric acid diamines, urea, potassium sulfate fertilizers or compound fertilizers containing three elements of N, P and K may be applied. The ratio of N, P and K fertilizers should be applied in the ratio of 2:1:4; Apply 5-10 kg of urea, 20-30 kg of diammonium phosphate, and 25-30 kg of 50% potassium sulfate; after applying NPK fertilizer or compound fertilizer, cover a layer of 3 cm thin soil and then plant the potato seed. Buds, to avoid direct contact between buds and chemical fertilizers, in order to avoid burning buds; fertilization, planting potato buds should be timely ridge covering. 4. sowing 4.1 sowing time The Baicheng area can be planted from late April to early May, and mulching can be planted in mid-April. At this time, the temperature below 10 cm in soil is generally stable at 7°C-8°C. 4.2 Depth of sowing Before the potato is sown, the soil needs to be deep-cultivated by 30 cm to deepen and expand the layer of loose soil. It can be planted on the ridges in deep trenches, or it can be sowed on ridges to be planted as furrows. The ridges need to be about 20 cm deep to open the furrows. After sowing, the shoots should be buds facing upwards. After the soil is covered, the shoots should be 6-7 cm away from the ridge. It is appropriate. 4.3 Sowing density According to the varieties selected by farmers, the planting density of potato is also different. The planting density of early-maturing varieties is generally about 15-20 cm, and that of medium- and late-maturing varieties is generally about 25-40 cm. 4.4 sowing method Ditching, fertilizing (seed-fertilizer isolation), placing buds and seeds in blocks, covering soil, and suppressing in time. Farmers who grow potatoes in large areas can use conditional machinery to finish sowing at one time. 5. Field management 5.1 Weeding After the emergence of potato seedlings, field weeding should be timely, ie manual weeding or spraying of herbicides, depending on the field conditions. Herbicide spraying is mainly after emergence, with DuPont Baocheng sprayed in the weeds 2-3 leaves, 4-5 bags per mu (2.5 g / bag); simply control weeds can also choose to kill stable stew Or fine grater grass kill grass. 5.2 cultivating soil and watering The cultivating soil is completed before the potato blossoms, so that the combination of shovel and shovel, that is, three shovels and three shovels. When ridges and ridges are enclosed, they must be cultivated into "wide shoulders" and do not become "tip ridges". In this way, potatoes should not be leaked when the beans are grown. The potato beans are beneficial to soil nutrient supply. Potato flowering is entering the period of potato development. In case of drought, it should be timely watered, otherwise it will seriously affect the yield. 5.3 Pest Control The main diseases of potato are late blight, underground pests and ladybugs. 5.3.1 Late blight prevention Late blight generally begins in late July. The disease in the field should be immediately prevented. The prevention can be used durably between 7-10 days. Dupont and detoxification can be used alternately; Good medicine treatment. 5.3.2 Control of underground pests Carbofuran (2-3 kg) per mu can be mixed with chemical fertilizers, and 50% phoxim can also be used for prevention and control. 5.3.3 ladybug ladybugs field should be promptly use of 50% dichlorvos EC or omethoate or DuPont Wan Ling and other efficient insecticide, spray on the leaf back effect is very good. China Extract Powder For Use As Dietary Supplement Extract Powder, Extract Powder Manufacturer Shaanxi Kang New Pharmaceutical co., Ltd. , https://www.anabolicsteriod.com