Mutual breeding of potato in young orchards and oil tea gardens in mountainous areas

Potatoes can be used for both grain and vegetable purposes. Intercropping potatoes in young orchards and tea gardens in the mountains is a good measure for demanding food in the mountains. At the same time, it can satisfy the market demand of vegetables and stabilize the vegetable market. It is a good solution to the "food blues". Ways, and interplanting potatoes during young trees, can increase soil organic matter, fertilize soil, control soil and water loss, reduce the number of times that young trees use grass herbicides to kill grass, reduce soil pollution, save management costs of young trees, economy, Social and ecological benefits are extremely significant. Since 2008, we have interplanted 400hm2 in the Young Camellia Orchard and Jinggang Honey Teak orchard in the Huanghongling Mountain of Baidu Township, Jidu County, Jishui County. We have adopted the method of “machine boring, fast fertility, no cultivator, high density planting”. The interplanting of potatoes has changed the conditions of local people and livestock cultivation and potato cultivation, and it is lean in density, small in scale, high in cost, low in yield, and low in efficiency. It has achieved remarkable economic and social benefits. The interplanting potato average 667m2 output increased from the original 1225kg to 1995 ~ 2170kg, the output value jumped from the original 1840 yuan to 3000 ~ 3250 yuan, net income increased from the original 200 yuan to 1360 ~ 1610 yuan. The high-yielding cultivation techniques for interplanting potato in Jinggangshan grapefruit garden and oil tea garden in mountainous areas are introduced as follows:

1 The machine is machined to make up the soil

1.1 Selection

The terrain is gentle, the slope is less than 15, the soil depth is more than 30cm, arable land is good, and the traffic is convenient. The young orchard and the oil tea plantation in the mountainous area with irrigation and drainage conditions can interplant potatoes.

1.2 Fertilizer soil

Young soil orchard and oil tea gardens in the mountains are lean and have low organic matter and fertility. They must be fully excavated and intensively ploughed with a digging machine or cultivator in the first half of intercropping with potatoes. The 667 m2 garden is made of high-quality organic manure according to the standard of weeds or alfalfa 2t, calcium magnesium phosphate 100 kg, livestock manure 1 t, and quick lime 100 kg. The decomposed organic fertilizer is uniformly applied to the young trees and plowed. . After fully digging the land with a cultivator, the 667m2 garden spreads 1.5-2kg of sudangrass or corngrass at the beginning of April. It will be turned into a flowering stage in July-August to promote the rapid maturation of the soil in the garden and improve soil fertility in the garden.

1.3 Site Preparation

With the cultivator, the cultivated land is fully plowed, and after smashing and leveling, the ridger is used to ridging the culvert at a row spacing of 50cm and a ridge height of 20cm. The ridge should be raised 50cm away from the sapling to avoid damaging the sapling root system. Generally, the spacing of planting Jinggangmi pomelo is 5m. 8 rows of potatoes can be ridged at a row spacing of 50cm. Camellia oleifera is lined at 4m and ridged at a row spacing of 50cm to plant 6 rows of potatoes. After the ridge is well up, a 10 to 15 cm deep seeding ditch is opened at the top of the ridge.

2 Scientific sowing, proper close planting

2.1 Variety selection

Potatoes suitable for cultivation in mountainous areas have many varieties, but they are suitable for drought and early-maturing varieties with drought tolerance, compact plant type, concentrative tubers, large tubers, shallow and flat shoots, beautiful appearance, good marketability, and resistance to pests and diseases. Such as: early morning white, Zhongshu 2, Kexin 1, Kexin 18 and so on. In recent years, the large-scale varieties planted in Baiduping demonstration base in Badu are Kexin No.1 and Zaidabai.

2.2 Timely sowing

According to the county's climatic data, combined with several years of production practices, the newly planted young tea plants in young tea gardens and orchards can be planted in greenhouses, which are costly and are susceptible to freezing injury in February. Seeding, winter sowing time in mid-January, “seizure” before and after emergence, you can avoid the risk of frost damage at the seedling stage, and can fully use the cool weather conditions from March to April to meet the temperature and humidity of potato emergence and growth need.

2.3 Properly densely planted

Potatoes in the mountains generally use three grades (cultivar species) as the potato species. The planting density is closely related to the soil fertility in the gardens. In view of the low soil fertility in the red soils, the planting density should be appropriately increased, and the potato row spacing is 50cm20cm. Make sure you have enough basic enthalpy and above 2250kg/667m2. Generally 667m2 Jinggang honey grapefruit garden interplanting 5500 蔸, about 165kg seed amount; oil tea garden interplant 5000 蔸 , about 150kg seed amount.

2.4 Potato seed treatment

2.4.1 Picking: Potatoes should be selected for fresh and smooth skin, no frosted, cracked, damaged, no wilting, no spotted tubers.

2.4.2 Cut seed: In order to ensure the emergence of seedlings, cut the top with the principle of breaking the top edge, cut from the center of the top of the potato seed longitudinally, cut to establish the body shape, and ensure that each seed potato has 1 ~ 2 obvious buds Each block weight 25~30g, cut into 30~35 blocks per 1kg seed potato.

2.4.3 Disinfection: Thoroughly disinfect cutters and tools for potato seeds and cuts. Sharp tools can be used 75% alcohol immersion disinfection; potato seed and other tools can be used to disinfect thiophanate-methyl 500 times, can also be placed in the 500 times the potato seed soak 5 minutes disinfection.

2.4.4 Sterilization of black and white ash: Dispose 1 part of quicklime and 2 parts of ash to prepare black and white ash. Soak the potatoes in the disinfectant with black and white ash to prevent infection of the incision, or use calcium, magnesium phosphate fertilizer to cut the incision. If the seedlings that have been disinfected and treated on the same day are not planted, they should be spread on a well-ventilated floor overnight. Avoid using woven bags and other air-tight packaging to prevent sprouts from sprouting after seeding.

2.5 Planting and Applying Basal Fertilizer

The processed potato seeds and buds were raised upward, and the product was placed in the seed ditch at a distance of 20 cm. After the pendulum was completed, 667 m2 of 45% potassium sulfate compound fertilizer 150 kg, 300 kg of decomposed chicken manure and 150 kg of plant ash were mixed. The basal fertilizer is applied between the points, and the base fertilizer is not close to the potato seed. Simultaneously, 667m2 of ground insect spirit 1.5kg is mixed with soil or evenly mixed with fine sand to spread in the seed groove, and then the cover soil is 7~10cm.

3 Chemical weeding

Within 1 week after sowing, 667m2 with Dore 50 ~ 100ml or no ploughing before budding herbicide 100g + 100ml or tetrafluralin 120ml water 100kg full soil spray; before sealing, if there are many weeds, use fine boring Grass grams 50g water 30kg spray, post-emergence weeding.

4 Field Management

4.1 Checking the seedlings

In order to ensure that all seedlings are sown at the end of sowing, the remaining potato species or the increased potato species must be sown together and planted after emergence to prepare for deficiency. The emergence period of potato in the mountains is generally from the end of February to the middle of March. The seedlings should be checked in time, and the water should be poured immediately after filling. After the earthworms have survived, they should be treated with a soil slurry and once applied to the livestock manure or 667m2. % potassium sulfate compound fertilizer 7.5kg + urea 7.5kg water 1000kg pouring.

4.2 Timely control

In view of the short physiological cycle of the potato, scientifically handling the physiological relationship between the ground and the ground is an effective way to speed up underground tuber enlargement, prevent ground growth, increase yield, and early maturation. When the potato shoots grow to a height of 15 to 20cm, 667m2 is sprayed with 15% paclobutrazol 50g and sprayed 30kg of leaf to prevent leggy; by late March, an expansive pigment 20ml + magnesium sulfate 1kg is sprayed with 30kg of foliar to promote underground growth. Tuber enlargement improves potato quality and yield.

4.3 Scientific Management of Water

Potatoes are dry and grain crops that are afraid of being cold and afraid of drought due to cold, and the emergence period and tuber enlargement period are sensitive periods for potato water. Therefore, before and after the emergence of seedlings, the soil should remain moist. More attention should be paid to the drainage of the ditch; After April potato enters the mashing stage, and the spring rain increases. In general, the soil moisture can meet the requirement of swelled potatoes, but in a special year, continuous drought will occur, and drought and moisturizing must be performed to meet the physiological water requirement during the expansion period.

4.4 Strengthen pest control

Potato potato pests and diseases occurred lightly in mountainous areas. The main diseases were late blight, bacterial wilt, and viral diseases. The major insect pests were locusts, tobacco worms, and ground tigers. Prevention and control measures: In mid-March and late April, comprehensive control was carried out with imidacloprid + 47% Lethbout 1500 times solution and spirulina spray 1 or 2 times, and the ground tiger could be artificially soiled with sticks after emergence. Insects are caught, or about 0.75kg/667m2 of insecticide is applied next to seedlings.

4.5 timely harvest

When the plants stop growing, the stems and leaves gradually yellow, and the stems and tubers are easy to fall off when the physiological maturity, this period should be based on market conditions, determine the best harvest period. General physiological maturity of potato in late May, after physiological maturity, but also pay attention not to drag too long, so as not to affect the quality and yield, when harvested, in order to increase the value of potato products, in the collection process to be bagging, generally 100g The above is a level, 50~100g is a second level, 50g is a third level, and it is diligent to dig lightly, avoid damage, and increase the product rate.

5 Timely Clear Garden

5.1 Clear Garden disinfection

After potato harvesting, in order to make full use of the organic fertilizer resources of potato stems and leaves, China Agricultural Nets timely concentrated the potato seedlings, spread the potato stems, and sprayed 667m2 potato stems with 100g of water and 20g of rotten lings evenly to accelerate the decay of stems and leaves. , Turn the ripened potato stems into soil as organic fertilizer, and 667m2 of 100ml quicklime to disinfect the soil in order to facilitate planting in the next season.

5.2 spraying pesticides

After the potato is harvested, in order to prevent the pests and diseases that remain in the potato branches and soil from infecting young fruit and tea plants, it is necessary to spray pesticides to prevent and treat pests and diseases such as aphids, whiteflies and tobacco.

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