Apple Tree Summer Scissors and Bagging
Summer scissors Summer pruning of fruit trees, also known as growing season pruning. Pruning in the growing season will cut off the leafy branches, which will have a greater impact on the growth of the fruit trees and should therefore be lightened. In addition, the summer pruning is an auxiliary work for winter pruning, and the new shoots of the buds are left in time and in good condition, and the growth and development of the new shoots are adjusted and the growth posture and direction are corrected. This winter pruning can avoid large cuts and cuts, resulting in more damage to the tree. Specific pruning methods are the following: One, carved bud Carious buds, also known as eye injury, refer to the cutting of a crescent-shaped incision with a knife or cut before the budding of a fruit tree in the spring (0.2 cm to 0.3 cm above or below). In the case of a wound on a bud or branch, part of the nutrients and moisture cannot rise through the wound and turn into the bud or branch, thereby promoting its vigorous growth; conversely, when the operation is performed under the bud or branch, the purpose is the opposite. Can reduce its growing power. Carving buds have a significant effect on the increase of juvenile tree branches. Second, in addition to Meng From the spring to early summer, useless or harmful shoots are removed and called de-emergence. The method of de-emergence is as follows: 1. When a buddy or branch is cut off, a lot of sprouts are clustered near its cut edge, and it is appropriate to remove buds when they are born. 2. When the saplings are pruning, the sprouts that hinder the growth of the extension branches of the trunk or the main branch should be removed as soon as possible to facilitate the growth of the trunk or main branch. 3, as a new shoot or side shoots of the lateral shoots when too many new shoots, should be a part of the buds removed to avoid close birth. 4, fruit trees with short fruiting branches, such as short branches too dense, often due to mutual restraint, so that the buds on the short branches can not be fully differentiated into flower buds, it is appropriate to remove the weak buds, so that the remaining short branches can develop Resulting branches. In addition to sprouting is mainly to reduce nutrient useless consumption, to ensure that useful shoots bud growth and canopy air and light. Excess buds on the back of the bud can be wiped off every 20-30 cm. Sometimes, in order to protect the swarf that is too large, one or two more flat buds may be selected for the budding buds, and the rest will be erased. Third, multi-channel engraved In order to prevent baldness, buds that are more prosperous are treated before germination. That is to say, in places where twigs are to be drawn, cut with a ring cutter or pruning shear ring to reach the xylem, or every 15 to 20 centimeters, this method can promote a large number of medium and long branches and prevent light sticks. occur. Ring Circumcision: Also called ring peeling, it refers to peeling a bark 3 to 5 centimeters from the base of the branch and stripping it to about 1/8 to 1/10 of the diameter of the peeled and stripped part. The width should not be greater than 1 cm, and the narrowest should not be less than 1 mm. It is more appropriate to heal after 20-30 days of peeling. For wider peeling, it can be wrapped with plastic film or kraft paper, and the dressing should be removed after 5 days. The prosperous twigs of juvenile trees are dominant, and thin and weak branches are not suitable for girdling. When circumcision is performed on trunks, backbone branches, large auxiliary branches and branches, it is necessary to handle them arbitrarily, since circumcision intercepts the assimilation nutrients produced by the blades. Under transportation, the growth of the root system is affected. In turn, the absorption of the root weakens, which in turn slows the growth of the shoot. Therefore, when girdling is applied, fertilizing water must be added to make the shoots robust. In order to improve the girdling effect, the leaves can be sprayed on the ring. Fourth, topping The measure of picking off the young part of the shoot during the growing season is called topping. In order to control the growth, topping the new shoots is conducive to the accumulation of nutrients and the formation of flower buds, which increases the fruit setting rate and promotes the fruit enlargement. The picking of the heart can promote the strong twigs to increase the branches and grades and achieve the purpose of alleviating the growth potential. From May to June, the continuous picking of the Wang shoots 2~3 times is conducive to the cultivation of the branches and the promotion of flowering. For the competition branches and upright branches, the growth of the branches can be strengthened and the strong sticks can be cultivated; At the base of the heart, two to three apile shoot buds can be formed at the junction of the spring and autumn shoots; when the branch length is increased to 60 cm, the heart can be picked up, and the crown can be expanded by using the second branch to accelerate the formation; in the early canopy, the growth of the internal warts is comparable Wang's developmental branches can be passed through topping and promote branching to form fruiting branches to increase results. V. Twist From late May to mid-June, on the back of standing shoots, competitive branches, densely crowded branches, etc., at the base of the new shoot, 5 to 6 centimeters, the semi-lignified parts are twisted by hand and twisted first 90, and then slanted downwards. Twist 180 to hang down and fix it on the branch. After the tip shoots, the vegetative growth of the shoots is frustrated, local accumulation of nutrients, and the effect of promoting short stems and promoting flower buds. After being twisted, the twisted part should be kept in a rounded state without cracking or breaking, and do not hurt the leaves. Sixth, Lazhi It is divided into spring branches and summer branches. The purpose of pulling the branches is to correct the angle and direction of the big branches. Branching time is different, the effect achieved is not the same. The juvenile tree branches in the spring, after the sap flowed to the bud. The main purpose is to open the angle, promote budding, prevent baldness, for the branches required after pulling branches, the base angle of 45 to 50 degrees, waist angle of 60 to 70 degrees, auxiliary feeding branches should be pulled into a horizontal state, branches and ropes have to have Padding lining, tying branches to be loose, pull branches open the angle at the same time pay attention to adjust the extension direction of the branches. The method of pulling branches from the end of June to the middle of July is the same as that of pulling branches in the spring. Its purpose is mainly to strengthen the flower bud differentiation, solve the air and light transmission of the trees, improve the fruit quality, and improve the coloration. Bagging First, the selection of paper bags Choose qualified registered fruit bags with registered trademarks. Second, fruit selection Select fruit bags with well-developed fruits, good fruit shape, and strict fruit thinning. The bagged fruit removes the floral debris to reduce the occurrence of black spot disease. Third, the bagging period The bagging period starts from 25 to 40 days after flowering and is completed within 10 days. Sunny days are carried out at 9 to 12 o'clock in the morning and at 15 to 19 o'clock in the afternoon. Before and after cloudy bagging time, they can be appropriately extended. Fourth, bagging method One day before bagging, place the mouth of the bag down on the wet floor of the room to soften it so that it can be tightly closed. Hold the paper bag with your left hand first, open the bag mouth with your right hand, and hold the bag body with a half-finger fist, so that the vent holes in the two corners of the bag will open. Use two hands to hold the mouth of the bag 2 to 3 centimeters. Place the fruit in the bag under the mouth so that the fruit stem is placed on the paper bag along the base of the slit, so that the young fruit is hung in the center of the paper bag. The left and right sides of the bag are folded sideways, and the side of the bag is placed behind the fold. The side of the vertical slit is pinched into a "V" shape to pinch the bag mouth and pinched tightly to prevent pests, rain and liquid medicine from entering the paper bag. The direction of force should always be upward when bagging, try to avoid young fruit in paper bag, leaves and new shoots do not fit into the bag, Zha Si does not tie on the fruit stem to prevent fruit drop. The bagging sequence is crowned first, followed by lower crown, first inner malleolus and later outer periphery. Fifth, after bagging management 1, fertilization fruit trees after fertilization in addition to the addition of foliar fertilizer should be increased 2 to 3 times. Foliar sprayed with phosphorus and potash fertilizers can supplement the trace elements needed for growth and development of fruit trees. Common fertilizer concentration: urea 0.3 ~ 0.5%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.2 ~ 0.3%, borax 0.1 ~ 0.3%. The last foliar spraying was carried out 20 days before the fruit harvesting period. 2. Irrigation and water conservation When the soil moisture content in high temperature and dry period is lower than 60%, timely irrigation or preservation, maintain the normal growth and development of fruits. 3, pest control bagging pest control to prevent leafhoppers, gold moth, apple leaf spot defoliation, etc., insecticide, fungicides alternately used to reduce the number of spraying. 4, autumn cut according to the tree and tree structure requirements, remove the crown of the leggy branches, peripheral competition branches, back upright branches and cut off the strong fruit Taiwan branch, in order to ventilate light, reduce the occurrence of black spot disease and promote fruit Coloring. Sixth, except bags 1. The bag removal period is determined according to the harvest period of the variety. The late-maturing varieties were carried out 11 to 20 days before harvesting; the medium-early-maturing varieties were carried out about 15 days before harvesting. 2. The bag-removing double-fruit-growing paper bag first removes the outer bag and removes the inner bag after 4 to 5 days. In case of rainy days, delay the removal of the inner bag. When the bag is removed, the left hand should be topped with fruit, the right hand should be taken out of the mouth, and then the upper part of the inner bag should be lifted. The left hand should pinch the bottom of the outer bag and pull it down. In addition to the inner bag, select cloudy or cloudy weather. If it is sunny from 8 to 12 o'clock in the morning, remove the eastern, northern and inner fruit bags from the crown. From 15 to 19 o'clock in the afternoon, remove the western, southern and canopy fruit from the crown. Bags to avoid and reduce fruit sunburn. 3. After removal of the bags, after removal of the outer bag, the fruit leaves and shading leaves in the range of 5 to 15 cm around the fruit are promptly removed, and the amount of the picked leaves is preferably 15 to 20% of the whole tree. When the fruit's positive coloring has already had the characteristics of this variety, after the afternoon of 16 o'clock, gently hold the fruit and turn the fruit's dark side to the positive side. To prevent the fruit from rubbing with the branches, separate it with a special fruit mat with a sticker. 4. Choose silver reflective film for retroreflective film and straighten the tree tray along the fruit tree. After removing the inner bag, cover the underside of the crown and align the outer edge of the film with the outer edge of the canopy. Then use the film or the edge. Soil bags are more compacted. 7. Harvesting According to different varieties of fruit, the number of breeding days, maturity and market demand, etc. to determine the harvest period, while relying on the surface smooth, colorful, beautiful appearance of the standard, appropriate batch harvest, the second batch of harvest generally in the first Batch 3d ~ 5d after harvest. First, take the crown, crown the fruit, then collect the crown, the fruit within the crown. Gloves are used for harvesting. Fruits are harvested in dedicated fruit bags and gently handled to reduce touch, pressure, stab, and scratch. The benefits of bagging First, bright color, delicate skin light Bagging can significantly improve fruit coloring, up to full red fruit, fruit surface smooth and beautiful, no fruit rust, good appearance, according to the experiment, fruit surface coloring greater than 75% accounted for 86.7%. The apple coloring is first determined by the characteristics of the apple variety, and is controlled by its own genetic gene. The fruit red is produced by a class of materials called anthocyanins (anthocyanins), which are mature during fruit ripening and are biosynthesized in the lower epidermis of the pericarp. The degree of apple coloring is determined by the amount and distribution of anthocyanin synthesis accumulation. We can see that apple fruit has red, pure red, bright red, dark red, and purple, which is due to the different characteristics of varieties and different cultivation conditions. The result shows that the synthesis and distribution of anthocyanin in fruits and other pigments are mixed results. The accumulation and distribution of anthocyanin in epidermal cells is not only restricted by the characteristics of the variety, but also by various environmental factors and cultivation measures. Without good external conditions, even the best apple varieties can't produce bright red fruits. Illumination is the most important factor affecting the synthesis of anthocyanins, and light induces anthocyanin synthase (inhibition of anthocyanin synthase), such as essential purple brown rice, through the photoreceptors in the fruit. Apple bagging to promote the fruit coloring mechanism is first to improve the anthocyanin synthesis efficiency; second, bagging greatly reduces the chlorophyll content in the peel, and the anthocyanin produced after bagging the fruit is particularly bright in the yellow-white peel background color; The bagging keeps the young fruit from being directly invaded by adverse environmental factors such as wind and rain during the process of growth and development, so that the fruit surface is delicate and clean, the fruit spot is thin, and the fruit powder is even. After bag coloring, it will naturally appear brighter and brighter from the optical point of view. Fourth, bagging effectively prevents the infection of fruits and insect pests such as fruit worms, fruit rust, coal contamination, and ring rot, while avoiding the direct contamination of fruits with pesticides. . Improve the appearance of fruit quality, promote fruit coloring, pollution-free green food production is an effective technology. Apple bagging technology has also experienced many problems in the promotion process. Practice has shown that in addition to the use of qualified fruit bags and scientific operation, it must be supported by standardized cultivation techniques in order to achieve the goal of high-quality fruit production. Japan's apple bagging cultivation and coloring management technology Japan is the world's most developed apple cultivation country. Its bagged apple is not only a large, beautiful color, high finish and no pesticide pollution, it is a high-quality non-pollution fruit. In recent years, our country has also begun to produce some bags of fruit. However, related technologies have not been popularized. Red varieties are bagged 35 to 40 days after flowering, and gold crowns are bagged within 20 days after flowering. Spray bactericide and insecticide before bagging. Remove the bag 30 days before picking. The double-leafed Fuji apples should be removed from the ladle 30 to 35 days before harvesting, and the inner bag should be removed after 35 sunny days. When the daily bag removal time is 10 to 16 o'clock, the green varieties are removed after harvesting. Second, pest prevention After bagging, the fruit is isolated from the outside world, and pathogens and pests cannot be invaded. This can effectively prevent and control the damage of diseases such as ringworm disease, coal pollution, spotted leaf disease, pox spot disease, peach borer, and pear pest. Third, reduce hail damage Hail occurs in young fruit. At this time, the fruit is still small and hangs in the bag. The ice falls on the bulging bag, which slows its mechanical impact and protects the fruit from harm. Fourth, it is conducive to the production of green food After bagging, the fruit is not in direct contact with the drug, and the number of drug fights can be reduced. Do not bag orchard 1 year to fight 8 pesticides, bagging orchard to play 4-5 times. It can effectively reduce the residual amount of pesticides, and it is conducive to the production of pollution-free green foods, laying the foundation for export earnings. V. High economic benefits In recent years, the apple market has shifted from the seller's market to the buyer's market, and merchants have increasingly stringent requirements on the quality of fruit. Although some orchards have high yields, they have low commodity rates and the benefits are not good. Bagging can increase the orchard's commodity rate to about 90%, and at the same time, the fruit surface is delicate and smooth, bright and colorful, and the appearance is excellent. The pesticide residue is low, the selling price is high, and it is easy to sell. From the market sales situation last year, the bagging ratio is not enough. The fruit price of the bag is about 1 times higher, and the supply is in short supply. Seafood Mix,Squid And Mussel Meat Mix,Monkfish And Shrimp Mix,Frozen Seafood Mix With Octopus Zhoushan Haiwang Seafood Co., Ltd. , https://www.haiwangseafoods.com