Guangdong Nanhai Experimental Politics has been separated and given to rural areas

After running 224 villages in 100 days, Deng Weigen organized a set of comprehensive rural reform programs and put it into practice. At this time, he was appointed as the Standing Committee of Foshan Municipal Committee of Guangdong Province and the Secretary of the Nanhai District Committee for just half a year.

This set of reform programs, Deng Weigen himself summarized as "six changes." The goal is to solve the problem of "binary" governance in urban and rural areas under the premise of protecting farmers' rights and interests, realize the development of "urban and rural co-ordination", and "release" rural areas.

According to Dang Guoying, director of the Macroeconomic Department of the Institute of Rural Development of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, "The reform of the South China Sea has taken into account efficiency, fairness, and social stability." "It is a pragmatic and progressive reform that merits vigorous promotion."

Deng Weigen is also quite satisfied with the reform plan. "We have this confidence that the reform of the South China Sea will surely be completed smoothly," said the secretary of the district committee.

He is just the year of "knowing the destiny." Speaking of excitement, he tossed his hands on his elbows in his navy blue sportswear.

There are many problems in rural areas that must be solved from the root

Nanhai District is located in the hinterland of the Pearl River Delta, close to Guangzhou and adjacent to Hong Kong and Macau. Among the districts and counties in the country, the total economic output of the South China Sea is "ranking in front." Wide streets, endless stream of vehicles, highlight the prosperity of this place.

Here in rural areas, the economic tide that was rolled over a long time was involved in the modernization process. Even 50 kilometers away from the center of the South China Sea area, McDonald's figure is shaking.

In July 2010, Deng Weigen took office in this economically strong area.

This is a doctor of industrial economics and enjoys a special allowance from the State Council. After entering his career, he served as secretary of the town party committee for 8 years, and worked for 6 years as district head and secretary of the district party committee.

At the beginning of Deng Weigen's visit to the South China Sea, many people had speculated that there will be reforms here, and a breakthrough may well be his most favorable industrial economy.

The reforms came as scheduled, but the grippers are not industrial economies but rural areas.

Secretary Deng wants to display his own reform strategy in the countryside. This move surprised everyone. He smiled and explained: "One is the grassroots and the other is the network."

The district party secretary fell in love with Weibo, but he used the screen name. Someone used Weibo to reflect the South China Sea issue. He immediately turned to the relevant department for resolution. He also advocated the opening of Weibo by various departments to understand the dynamics of the people in real time.

In reality, not long before he took office, Deng Weigen simply flies through the car and heads to the countryside for research. Everywhere he went, he called the village cadres to chat with the villagers. He also played fiery with the villagers. Some even called him "Deng sir." Occasionally, he will sing Cantonese opera under the big tree.

He attached great importance to such investigations and asked the secretary to take a map. After each visit, he asked the secretary to “paint a red flag” on the map.

Within 100 days, he traveled to all the villages in the South China Sea and seriously wrote more than 100,000 words of research diary. The 224 villages ran down and the four tires of the Chinese bus he took were "whole".

“There are many problems in rural areas and we must solve them from the root.” When it comes to rural issues, he immediately became serious.

On the way to rural research, Deng Weigen and his colleagues brewed the reform plan that is being implemented today. The plan was eventually drafted and revised by the group discussion to form a "Working Rules for the Party Organization of the Village (Habitat) in Nanhai District (Trial)", "Working Rules for the Nanhai District Economic Association (Trial)", and "Working Rules for the Nanhai District Joint Cooperative Economic Society". (Trial)" and 9 other documents. The purpose of the "six changes" was refined in these documents.

The six transitions are:

The rural system has changed from a "mixed political and economic system" to a system that emphasizes the core and a "separation of politics and economics";

Social management changes from rural management to urban community;

Rural collective assets will change from "profit-shaking, collective dividend-based" to "self-managed, profit-and-loss-sharing" risk management.

The social service of villagers has changed from "gratis welfare type" to "paying share of urban management type";

Rural residential housing has changed from traditional single-family homes to modern community apartments;

The welfare protection of rural residents has changed from unstable dividend-based protection to urban-rural integration of stable social security.

Party Guoying commented that the core of the "six changes" lies in "decentralization," that is, "dividing the allocation of resources in the private sector and the public sector."

The first step in decentralization is the separation of politics and economics in rural areas, that is, the separation of autonomy and economic functions.

The South China Sea attaches great importance to "separation of politics and economics." Kong Haiwen, deputy secretary of the District Party Committee, said that social construction should return to the road of taking self-government as the mainstay and social organizations as supplements. The reform and exploration of the South China Sea is to use the “separation of politics and economics” as a breakthrough point to promote the return of the village’s social self-government function and strive to realize the social governance structure of “governance by self-rule and failure by respect”.

“Only if this step is left first, the rest of the reforms can be successfully completed. Only by doing this can we solve the root causes of various problems in rural areas.” Deng Weigen said, “The election of village committees has long achieved one person, one vote. Election cannot solve the rural problems."

Collective economic organizations "kidnapped" party organizations and autonomous organizations

Nanhai is the hometown of Kang Youwei. The "Mr. Nanhai" kicked off the reform of the late Qing Dynasty on the "bus book". In fact, the South China Sea has also been the “vanguard” of China’s rural reforms.

Shortly after the implementation of the contract responsibility system for rural joint production, the rural areas of the South China Sea were affected by developed regions such as Guangzhou, and the collectives of the village collectively established collective enterprises. As a result, the farmer's land that had just been handed down was voluntarily concentrated and used.

In 1985, the rural collective economy in the South China Sea saw a preliminary scale. “The villages ignite and smoke everywhere”.

“The distribution of land and income has gradually become a big problem.” The original witnesses and the deputy chiefs of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress of Nanhai District said that any of them. He has worked for many years at the grassroots level and is well aware of the development of the South China Sea.

After Deng Xiaoping’s speech at the southern tour, these two issues became even more prominent.

According to He Xiangye, the problem of land is concentrated on the changes in the nature of land and land pollution. In addition, some farmers are reluctant to use the land for collective use, resulting in the inability to use the land on a large scale. The distribution mechanism is not perfect, and there are often villagers arguing over this.

In this context, the South China Sea carried out a series of reforms in 1992. As one of the implementers of the reform, He Xiangye and his colleagues visited the Wanfeng Village of Shajing Town, Bao’an District, Shenzhen several times. At that time, he was the deputy director of the South China Sea Agriculture Committee and was in charge of agricultural management.

As early as 1984, Wanfeng Village took the lead in promoting nationwide shareholding reform. Farmers have increased their income rapidly, and collective economic organizations have also developed rapidly.

The reform of the South China Sea also follows the idea of ​​a joint-stock cooperative economy, that is, separating the right to contract and use of rural land, quantifying the right to use contracted management as a share of the total peasants, making the peasants become shareholders, and obtaining the right to benefit from land distribution. Share dividends. At the same time, the land is delineated in three areas, which are farmland protection areas, industrial areas and commercial and residential areas.

In the history of the South China Sea, this move was known as the "second breakthrough" of the rural reforms in the South China Sea.

The reform soon achieved results and was promoted by the Guangdong Provincial Party Committee and the provincial government as samples. In 1998, the total income of the entire rural economy of the South China Sea was more than 60 billion yuan, the net income of the collective economy was 3.4 billion yuan, and the per capita income of farmers exceeded 6,000 yuan, which was an increase of 370%, 149.6%, and 150.4%, respectively, from 1992.

Later, the South China Sea launched some complementary measures to improve the 1992 reform. This mechanism has been running until Deng Weigen implemented the reform. By the end of 2011, the two-level operating assets of the village and group in the Nanhai District were about 26 billion yuan, and the disposable income of the village and the group was about 5 billion yuan.

“Looking back, the reform plan at that time was in essence the product of the planned economy. The reform was incomplete and left many complications,” said He Xiangye.

The biggest "sequel" is the "integration of politics and economics." In 1992, after the completion of the shareholding system reform in the South China Sea rural areas, the president of the collective economy “Republic of Nations” at the village level was usually served as the secretary of the village party branch, and the village party secretary was also the director of the village committee (commonly known as “one shoulder”). At the group level, the head of the "economic society" is headed by the head of the village. The leading members of the two-level collective economic organizations do not need to be elected separately.

In other words, the "trinity" of party organizations, autonomous organizations, and collective economic organizations at the village level.

After the "Village Committee Organization Law" was promulgated and implemented in 1998, the problem of this "aftereffect" has become more prominent. In order to control collective economic organizations, some people will not hesitate to "strengthen their skills" in the election.

Zhang Keli, deputy director of the Nanhai District People’s Congress, has worked at the grassroots level for many years and witnessed many rural election circles. For example, people who participate in the election of the village director often find that the front door is “splashed”; clan forces and some unusual forces are also involved in the election; some villages also appear to eat “election rice” phenomenon.

While Zhang Keli was the secretary of the party committee of the town, he tried every means but he still could not cure such problems.

"Because it is 'picking one's shoulders," supervision will become a problem, and it will inevitably lead to black-box operations, and it will also lead to corruption," he said.

Zhang Keli also said that because of "one shoulder and one shoulder", the social management and social service functions of the village committee's "two committees" have weakened, which cannot keep up with the rapid development of rural areas in the South China Sea. This is a limitation of the rural system before the reform. of. “Village cadres are running projects to develop the economy. How can there be any control over the village?”

This phenomenon, Deng Weigen called it "the rural collective economic organization 'abduction' of rural party organizations and autonomous organizations."

Village cadres return to social management and services, and economic organizations return to the market

In the second half of 2011, the three-year village committees will be successively replaced. This is an “excellent opportunity” for comprehensive rural reform.

The third rural reform in the Nanhai District was fully started at this time - the loosening began.

Another important background is that the "Village Committee Organization Act", revised in 2010, stipulates that all migrants who have lived in the area for more than one year can participate in local elections.

In the South China Sea, the rural household registration population is more than 730,000 and the number of migrants is more than 1.3 million, which far exceeds the number of rural household registrations.

"Once the incoming population is elected, it is bound to demand the sharing of the collective economic benefits of the village, triggering a new round of conflicts of interest and social conflicts." A village party secretary in the Nanhai District said with concern.

Therefore, maintaining the rights of local farmers is also a top priority.

The village committee election at the end of last year was no different from previous elections in previous years. However, after the members of the village committee are elected, the villagers who have equity will vote to elect the leading members of the village collective economic organization.

As early as 2004, each village in the South China Sea settled its stake in each qualified villager. However, these "shareholders" never independently elected the leading group of the village collective economic organizations before the "separation of politics and economics".

In order to completely solve the "sequelae", the reform plan introduced this time clearly stipulates that the village (resident) party branch secretary and the village (residential) civil committee leader cannot cross-serve with the collective economic organizations and the term of the leading member of the collective economic organization The number of years has been adjusted from 3 years to 5 years.

Yu Weisheng, originally a member of the Taiping Community Neighborhood Committee in Xiqiao Town, Nanhai, was the president of the campaign village's joint-public agency. He had to resign from the neighborhood committee. There are many others like him.

At present, the two-level collective economic organizations in the South China Sea have already completed the election.

In the system design of the South China Sea, “separation of politics and economics” must first realize the separation of self-governance functions and economic functions, so as to ensure that the collective economy is not interfered by other factors, and is open and transparent, and operates according to market rules.

In this way, the grass-roots organizations can achieve their own "return", village cadres return to the functions of social management and public services, and economic organizations return to the market.

“Village committee officials can now do their duty by doing their job honestly.” Zhang Keli said.

Many village cadres have such experience.

“In the past, when I was working as a secretary, I was focused on developing the collective economy. I couldn't care for the things in the village. If I didn't develop the economy, the stockholders were jealous; regardless of the village affairs, the stockholders were still jealous.” Party Secretary, Pingdong Community, Guicheng Street, Nanhai District Liang Xiqi said. He was re-elected several times, and he was the "natural" person in charge of the collective economic organization before the reform.

After leaving the head of the collective economic organization, he felt "sigh of relief" and never had to worry about jealousy. Now, he devotes his energies to “run projects” to community management.

Chen Yourong, a local resident, said that village cadres often appear in communities today. In the past, the cadres of the village committee were all “not easy”.

"Decentralization" also means supervision. After the reform, the leaders of the two committees at the grassroots level are still members of the village collective economic council. They have the obligation of supervision and advice, but they have no decision-making power.

In order to ensure the smooth and safe operation of the collective economy, Nanhai District has also established a “financial supervision platform” for collective economy and a “trading platform for collective asset management” to ensure the open and transparent operation of collective economic assets.

The financial supervision platform fully realizes the networked operation, and the asset management and financial income and expenditure of the village and collective economic organizations are clear at a glance. Each village home has its own account number and password, which can be obtained by any villager.

The terminal of the platform, different people have different rights, can monitor the real-time operation of funds. Once the terminal's person finds a problem, he can send someone to check it. "No net leakage." Before the reform, the supervision of rural finance was only realized during the audit.

The “Collective Asset Management Trading Platform” established in 2010 requires that collective assets that meet the required quota must enter the trading platform for trading. "Everything is carried out in the sunlight, to a certain extent, avoiding obscure operations." said a person in charge of the Danzao town bidding procurement and asset trading center.

In addition, from January 2011 onwards, all village (residential) committee party organizations in the district have been upgraded to general party branches, each village has more than two college students (residential) officials, and party members (representative) studios are open every week. The masses were interviewed not less than once in order to give play to the central role of the party organization in "gathering the overall situation and serving the community."

At this point, the "decentralization" reform came to an end. However, Deng Weigen’s leading South China Sea reform has not stopped.

Social economy should grow from "non-increase" to "sense development"

The "separation of politics and economics" in rural areas is only the first step in the comprehensive reform of the rural system in the South China Sea. District Party Secretary Deng Weigen is also ambitious. He wants to build the South China Sea into a "commercially-named city suitable for human settlements, a beautiful and happy Lingnan Water Village, a smart city with a blend of four modernizations, and a harmonious, civilized and stylish homeland."

To achieve this goal, the extension of the public service network to the grassroots, the construction of public facilities, and the provision of social welfare guarantees are their inevitable logic.

This is also the "relaxation" of rural areas, allowing rural and urban implementation of "no difference" docking.

Deng Weigen was born in rural areas and he often dealt with rural areas after his administration. He is well aware of the difficulties in rural areas. The 100-day survey of the South China Sea countryside made it possible for him to have a comprehensive experience of the current rural areas. Many of the core designers of the South China Sea rural reform also had more than 10 years of experience as head of town and township officials.

"We must realize the transformation of social economy from 'non-increase growth' to 'sense of development' before we can truly complete the comprehensive structural reform in rural areas." Deng Weigen said, "A person who knows a place is not evaluated by the beautiful scenery of this place. It is not based on the GDP of this place, but on the level of the community it lives in.

The so-called "sense of development" means that members of society can feel the changes brought about by economic development. In order to achieve this goal, the Nanhai District Party Committee Government has increased investment in people's livelihood. In 2010 alone, South China Sea spent a total of 8 billion yuan on the people's livelihood, accounting for 80% of the total financial expenditure.

However, due to the large size of the countryside and the scattered living of the villagers, it is "obviously impossible" to fully cover it. Therefore, the "village relocation" (village committee to the neighborhood committee), so that the villagers "holding shares into the city" will appear in a series of reforms in the South China Sea.

“This is not just a change of name. The neighborhood committees can justify their financial input and help break the urban-rural dual governance model and truly achieve 'urban-urban integration' and urban-rural integration,” said Zhang Keli, who participated in the reform.

In the "Several Opinions on Deepening the Comprehensive Rural System Reform" promulgated in the Nanhai District, it is proposed to "adjust the fiscal adjustment to rural areas appropriately." After the change of village, the financial support will be greater.

At the same time, after the village was relocated, the community service center of the neighborhood committee, that is, the extended system of the government at the grass-roots level, will also be linked to some government departments. The peasants have to do business and seal, and they can only go a few kilometers as far as they can. They do not have to go to the town government or even the district as before.

The identity of the farmer will also change. The peasants will no longer be "peasants" but "urban residents" and enjoy all the benefits of the city.

In particular, it is worth noting that even if it is such a policy of “promoting farmers,” it must adopt a form of democratic voting, while maintaining “six changes”, that is, the scope of jurisdiction will remain unchanged, the number of “two committees” will remain unchanged, and the original rural areas The collective property rights of the collective economic organizations remain unchanged, the rights and interests of the collective assets remain unchanged, the villagers’ welfare remains unchanged, and the family planning policy remains unchanged.

At present, half of the village committees in the South China Sea have been changed to neighborhood committees. According to feedback, "satisfaction is high."

“We live better than people in the city. We have all the welfare that people in the city should have. We have dividends, and there are subsidies in the village.” Residents who have “villages” often have a trace of their inhabitants. Show off tone.

Some villagers have calculated a bill for this purpose. For example, after medical reimbursement and Medicare reimbursement for most of them, the village will reimburse some of the money. Individuals’ money is almost negligible.

Obviously, the welfare protection of farmers is changing from unstable dividend-based guarantees to urban-rural integrated social security. This is precisely one of the “six changes” that is the basis for the reform of the South China Sea.

Zhang Keli also thought of allowing villagers to enter the building and realize the transformation of the farmers' residence. "Premier Wen said that the peasants cannot be forced to live in the building. We do not force it. We will attract the peasants to live in," he said.

Everything is carried out in an orderly manner.

The economy is growing, society is developing, and reforms are advancing. Deng Weigen's microblog is continuing. He recalled: "We are very much convinced of the reforms, but we are determined to do so. If we understand the basics and understand the countryside in a group of 'partners', we make up our minds and we will go firmly."

"This is the beginning, but we must continue to improve. We must be bold and careful." He added thoughtfully.

With regard to the future of the South China Sea, the district party secretary also continued to conceive and do something “highly”.