How to manage apple after harvest
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First, prevent disease and protect leaves. Maintaining the assimilation function of the blade, prolonging the life of the blade, and preventing the early fall of leaves are the key links in post-harvest management of the apple. There is still 30-50 days after the apple is harvested from the deciduous dormancy. During this period, the disease prevention and protection of the leaves is crucial. The complete thick leaves are the guarantee for the quality of fruit buds and the accumulation of nutrients in fruit trees in autumn. Therefore, after fruit picking, pesticides and fungicides should be sprayed 2-3 times. After spraying on the leaves, the spray can be used. Spraying 0.5% urea water + 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate every 10 days. Solution or 0.3% diammonium phosphate solution, sprayed 2-3 times. By spraying, the functional period of effective leaves can be prolonged, the photosynthetic efficiency can be increased, and more nutrition can be provided for the growth of roots, which is beneficial to the overwintering of fruit trees and the growth results of the second year.
In addition, about 3% to 5% of the urea aqueous solution can be applied to the leaves 15 days before the leaves fall off. High-concentration aqueous urea solution is sprayed in late autumn. Because the leaves are already aging and the temperature is low, they will not produce fertilizer damage. Moreover, the concentration of urea aqueous solution is high, the leaves will absorb quickly, and the absorption rate will be high. Increased, and transferred to the shoots before falling off, to achieve the purpose of “autumn spray springâ€.
Second, combined with deep turning, autumn basal fertilization. Deeply applying basic fertilizer can improve soil structure and traits, and enhance soil fertility and water retention. The method of deep turning is to dig 50-60 cm wide and 80-100 cm deep trenches or annular grooves every year from the outer edge of the canopy. In combination with deep turning, apply base fertilizer.
The best time for basal fertilization in autumn is generally from early September to mid-October. After early and mid-maturing varieties are harvested, late-maturing varieties begin to be harvested (by the end of October at the latest). At this point, it is the third peak of the root growth. The wound healed quickly and it was prone to new roots.
Autumn basal fertilizer is dominated by farmyard fertilizers, supplemented by chemical fertilizers. Each mature tree applies 60-70 kilograms of farmyard manure, 200 grams of urea, 2-3 kilograms of superphosphate, 300 grams of potassium sulfate (or 4-5 kilograms of plant ash), and is fully mixed and applied. Zinc deficiency, boron-deficient orchards, and 100 g of zinc sulfate or borax were applied to each strain. After the fertilizer is applied, the soil is covered with water.
Practice has proved that the same amount of organic fertilizer applied year after year than the effect of the application of the obvious increase in the next year, so the basal to apply better year after year.
Third, pruning after harvest. In order to reduce the nutrient consumption, to promote the fullness of the shoots, full of buds, help the tree winter, after the fruit is properly pruned.
1. Take heart. After the fruit is harvested, all the shoots that have not stopped growing and the shoots of the late shoots will be topping, which will promote leaf hypertrophy, enhance the photosynthetic efficiency, increase the maturity of the shoots, and be beneficial to the fullness and fullness of the shoots.
2. Thinning retraction. Exclude stubble branches, dense branches, thin and weak branches in the tree crown, dead branches without visible light at the bottom, upright young shoots sprouting in the fall, and scallops and cuts near the mouth. Retracting slender branches, senescent drooping branches, and mopping the floor. Thinning can improve the light conditions, is conducive to photosynthesis in autumn leaves, can increase the return of nutrients, and enhance the cold resistance of the tree.
3. Pull the branches. The autumnal branches have the characteristics of easy pulling, fast setting, good effect of slowing down, and high flowering rate. For the unfinished and unmaintained pre-transformation, the new branches with longer lengths must be grasped and reformed. The angle of about 80 degrees, can effectively reduce the tree vigor, early results.