Winter rapeseed breeding and cultivation techniques
Rapeseed is cultivated in most parts of China and is available for production in all seasons. The texture is tender, slightly bitter, nutritious and affordable, which is welcomed by consumers in the market. First, select high-quality and high-yield varieties according to local conditions The rapeseed varieties mainly promote the winter, weak winter hybrid low-low rapeseed varieties such as Qinyan 211, Qinyou 209 and Shengyou 88, which are resistant to cold, drought, disease and insect, high yield and stable yield. 200 g. Second, timely sowing, cultivating strong seedlings (1) Prepare the seedbed bed. It is advisable to use soil sandy soil, convenient irrigation and drainage, fertile, sunny, and the field where no rapeseed or other cruciferous crops have been planted in the previous year as the seedbed, and the seedbed and Datian are reserved for the land in a ratio of 1:5. (2) Seed treatment. The seeds should be air-dried for 1-2 days before sowing and when drying, be careful not to expose the seeds directly to the cement field. (3) Doing land preparation. Combine the cultivation of 1000 kg of fermented organic fertilizer per mu, 5 kg of urea, 25 kg of superphosphate, 0.5 kg of borax or 1000 kg of fermented organic fertilizer per mu, and 12-15 kg of ternary compound fertilizer as the base fertilizer. Mix the seedbed soil. It is made into a planting raft with a width of 1.5-2 meters and a medium-high side and a low-waist shape. The width of the ditch is 15-20 cm. (4) Sowing at the right time. The seedling raising time is about August 22-26 at an altitude of 1200 meters, and the seedling sowing period is about August 25-30 at an altitude of 1000 meters. The seeding period of the area below 1000 meters above sea level is from August 31st to September 3rd. (5) Scientific management. When sowing, it should be raked, sowed and spread, and the sowing depth is 1 - 1.5 cm. After the seeds are sown, the seedbed should be kept moist before the seedlings. In the autumn drought, the water should be drenched against the drought every day, and the poison baits formulated with the insecticidal single powder should be used to prevent cockroaches and other hazards to ensure the full seedlings. One leaf and one heart period to eliminate waterlogging to prevent seedlings, while carrying out the seedlings. Three-leaf one-hearted seedlings, 100-120 seedlings per square meter, 5 kg of urea were applied to the seedlings after the seedlings were planted, and 5 kg of urea was applied to the seedlings 7 days before transplanting, and pests such as cabbage caterpillars and aphids were also controlled. At the time of transplanting, the seedling age reached 30-35 days, the leaf age was 6-7 pieces, the seedling height was 16-18 cm, the rhizome thickness was 0.5-0.7 cm, the petiole was short, no tall seedlings, no curved neck seedlings, neat and uniform, and the root system was developed. The age-appropriate seedlings with clear disease and no pests and diseases. Third, fine land preparation Select the sunny day and level the arable land in time, and open the "three ditch" deep and wet to prevent dripping.   Fourth, timely planting When the seedling age reaches 30-35 days, the seedling height is 16-18 cm, the leaf age is 6-7 pieces, and the rhizome thickness is 0.5-0.7 cm, it can be transplanted. The transplanted seedlings are short, no high-footed, no song. The seedlings with strong seedlings, neat and consistent roots, well-developed roots, and clear and disease-free seedlings should be transplanted with soil as much as possible. At 1000 meters above sea level, the transplanting will be completed before October 10th; the area below 1000 meters above sea level will be transplanted before October 15th. Do not wait until the seedlings are planted early. Five, balanced formula fertilization Formulated fertilization according to soil fertility, variety fertilizer requirements and comprehensive target yield. According to the per mu yield of rapeseed seed reaching 150-200 kg, it is necessary to apply 10-12 kg of pure nitrogen, 10-11 kg of pure phosphorus, 7-9 kg of pure potassium, and 1 kg of agricultural borax to achieve organic and inorganic combination. P, K, B combined with phosphorus, potassium, boron fertilizer as a base fertilizer for one-time application, nitrogen fertilizer 50% for base fertilizer, 20% for seedling fertilizer, 30% for wax fertilizer, heavy application of base fertilizer, early application of seedling fertilizer and wax fertilizer. Generally, before transplanting, the farmer's fertilizer is 1500-2000 kg, 64% diammonium phosphate 24 kg, 46% urea 24 kg, 50% potassium chloride 17 kg, and agricultural borax 1 kg. Use according to the method and proportion according to the period. Sixth, reasonable close planting to ensure high-yield groups The transplanting density is strictly controlled by factors such as the characteristics of the variety and the fertility level of the field. Generally, it is transplanted at a row spacing of 56 cm and a hole spacing of 13.2 to 16.5 cm, and 7050-8800 plants are planted per acre. According to the principle that the fat field is slightly thin and the field is slightly dense, the distance between the ropes should be planted, the line should be planted straight, the roots should be planted deeply, the trees should be planted, and only one seedling should be planted at each hole.   Seven, strengthen the field tube strong seedlings winter 15 days after transplanting, a shallow cultivating and clearing of weeds should be carried out in time, and 4-5 kg ​​of urea should be applied per mu. In the middle of December, 1 deep-cultivation and anti-freezing of the soil should be carried out. In the first month of the first month, the winter irrigation and the wintering will be carried out. The situation is about 6-8 kg of urea. After the spring, the spring irrigation is carried out once and the soil is raked in the buds to prevent lodging. Eight, pest control (1) Pests. After transplanting, pay attention to the control of cabbage caterpillars; after the spring, the "rainwater" solar terms focus on strengthening the control of rapeseed stems, and the prevention and control of aphids in the dry years of the jointing period. (2) Diseases. Pay attention to the prevention and control of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and pay attention to the rational rotation of the plots, and use the resistant varieties to control the pesticides such as sclerotia in the early flowering stage. (3) Grass damage. Chemical weeding combined with manual weeding. Gramineous weeds in the 3-4 leaf stage of rapeseed with 5% fine grass (fine quizalofop) 50 ml water 40 kg spray control; dicotyledon weeds in rape 7-8 after the leaf period with 50 per acre %高特克 (除è‰çµ) 30ml with water 40kg spray control; the field with single and double cotyledon at the same time with 5% fine grass 50ml + 50% high Turk 30ml in the rape 5-6 leaf stage to control . Nine, timely harvesting mildew 30-35 days after the last flowering of rapeseed, when the whole plant 2/3 pods are yellow-green, the main inflorescence base horns turn red, the seed coat turns dark brown, then choose sunny harvest, then stack 4-5 days Prevent rain, grab the sun, spread the sun, thresh, and dry the wind and put it into the warehouse. Ten, straw returning to the field After the rapeseed is harvested, it is recommended to use mechanical comminution or artificial methods to return the straw to the field and deepen it. It can improve the soil fertility and fertilize the soil. It is strictly forbidden to burn straw to pollute the environment. The above is the main point of winter rapeseed breeding and cultivation techniques. If you want to get more planting information, please pay attention to the Hui Nong School! Electronic Lock Safe Box,Home Security Electronic Lock Box,Electronic Key Safes,Electronic Lock Hebei Tiger Brand Group Jia Bao Cabinet Industry Co. 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