Chinese scientists once again edit human embryo genes or are resistant to HIV?
According to a report on April 12, the US media said that less than a year ago, when some important researchers called for a suspension of a revolutionary technology, Chinese researchers used this technology to genetically edit human embryos. Shocked the world. According to a report on April 9th ​​by the American Quartz financial website, researchers worry that the random use of this technology may turn embryos into fully developed humans, and then they will pass this genetic mutation to their offspring, with unintended consequences. The risk is too big. Now, another research team in China has once again used this technology to genetically recombine human embryos. This time the scientists’ reactions only shrugged with dissatisfaction. Obviously, too many things that have happened in the past year have caused people to change their views on this issue. According to the report, this questioned technology is called CRISPR genome editing technology, which allows researchers to manipulate genes more accurately than ever before. In 2015, Chinese researchers tried to use CRISPR technology to edit a gene that causes thalassemia in blood diseases. They can only edit defective genes in 28 of 71 embryos. To make matters worse, this has caused many unexpected changes to other parts of the genome. In the latest attempt, researchers at Guangzhou Medical University have taken another step forward. Not only do they try to correct the mutants that cause disease, but they also use CRISPR technology to implant a mutant that may be resistant to HIV. This gene mutation targets the CCR5 gene, which is responsible for the production of proteins that HIV uses to bind to, enter and infect human immune cells. If the CCR5 gene is mutated, the HIV infection cannot be transmitted, and as a result, the mutation can cause the body to produce antibodies to the disease. The researchers published the study in the Journal of Assisted Reproductive and Genetics, which successfully implanted the mutated gene into four of the 26 embryos. Even in successful cases, not all CCR5 genes have been altered. In other cases, some unforeseen genetic mutations have also been triggered. The Chinese local ethics committee approved the trial, and it is believed that these studies were approved by the Chinese government. All experimental embryos are "not to survive," meaning that they cannot become fully developed humans. These abnormal embryos are an inevitable part of IVF therapy, and sometimes two sperms will implant their DNA into an egg. According to the report, despite the differences of opinion, the views on this issue have clearly changed. The first study of genetic recombination of human embryos resulted in a summit between scientific institutions in China, the United States, and the United Kingdom last November. After a few days of deliberation, important geneticists around the world agree that although human embryos engineered using CRISPR technology should not develop into real humans, research using human embryos can continue. The first successful Chinese scientist in the world edited and modified the human embryonic gene In April 2015, Chinese scientists successfully implemented the editing and modification of human embryonic genes, which is the world's first. The work, published in Protein & Cell, was called a landmark achievement by Harvard stem cell biologist George Daley. In this paper, the team led by Professor Huang Jun of Sun Yat-sen University tried to modify the beta globin gene that causes thalassemia using the gene editing technology CRISPR/Cas9. The experiment was successful, but it also showed a huge obstacle to the application of the technology in medicine. "I believe this is the first time in the world that the successful editing of human embryonic genes has been a landmark work. But we also need to be very careful," George Daley said in an interview. "This study is for everyone." Pouring a pot of cold water shows that genetic technology is far from reaching the point of treating diseases." Many people believe that genetic editing technology has a bright future and can repair their genes when they are not born, for the treatment of many diseases caused by genetic mutations. But there are also many people who oppose it for ethical reasons. Such altered genes can inherit offspring, so their consequences for future humans are unpredictable and highly risky. Huang's paper will exacerbate this debate. Huang's team injected CRISPR/Cas9 into human embryos and linked them to DNA at specific locations. By programming CRISPR/Cas9, specific problematic genes can be targeted and replaced or repaired with the introduced molecules. This technique has been used in animal embryos, but the yellow article is the first report of its use in human embryos. Huang's team injected 86 discarded embryonic cells and found that only 28 were successfully linked, and fewer embryos were acquired to repair genetic material. "If you want to use it in clinical practice, you need nearly 100% success rate." Huang said, "This technology is still very immature." The Yellow team also found that CRISPR/Cas9 also works on non-directed genes, so there is a big security risk. . Huang’s article was published by Nature and Science, and it is believed that ethical concerns are an important reason. “We publish these data,†Huang said. “I just want to let the world know what is going on here, not just empty talk.†Next, Huang will study how to minimize the effect of CRISPR/Cas9 on non-directional genes through animal embryo research. To improve its security. Using other gene editing techniques is also an option. The debate surrounding the revision of human embryonic genes will certainly last for a long time, and many people will try to improve on the basis of Huang's work.
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