Cut flowers winter hotbed heating 7 methods
1. Brewing hotbed: Using the activities of microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, and actinomycetes to decompose the heating material to release heat energy to raise the temperature of the hotbed. The aerobic microbial activity is related to many factors, such as the ratio of the main components of the brewing material (also known as the ratio of carbon to nitrogen), the content of air and moisture inside the brewing material, and the bottom temperature of the brewing material. In the case of appropriate air and moisture conditions, the composition of the brewing matter is the main factor affecting the duration of heating and the temperature of the heating material. The carbon/nitrogen ratio of general brewing materials is greater than 30, the calorific value is small and the heating time is long; if the carbon/nitrogen ratio of the galite is less than 20, the calorific value is large, but the duration is short; so the carbon of the brewing material The nitrogen ratio should be set between 20 and 30. When the hotbed is produced, it should be the lowest in the south and the second in the north, and the highest in the middle. This is due to the fact that the bed frame is shaded due to the sunshade on the south side, resulting in a temperature close to the temperature of the south frame bed. The lower the bed, the northern part of the bed is full of sunlight, and due to the reflective effect of the north side window frame, the soil temperature in this part is the highest, and the soil temperature near the north side of the bed frame drops slightly. According to the characteristics of the greenhouse distribution in the hotbed, in order to make the temperature distribution of the bed soil in the entire hotbed even, it is necessary to increase the amount of brewing material in the low soil temperature to increase the thermal energy; on the contrary, where the soil is high in humidity, the heating material is appropriately reduced. Quantity. The landfill thickness of the brewing material should be determined by the local temperature, generally 15 to 25 cm in the south and 30 to 50 cm in the north. The brewing material should be fully mixed before landfilling to prevent uneven heat generation and layered landfilling to maintain a certain degree of compaction and moisture content. The suitable moisture content is 70% to 75%. For example, if the hot stuff is buried too tightly and the water content is too high, it will cause an oxygen deficiency inside the mash, affecting the activity of aerobic microorganisms, affecting the normal fermentation of the mash, and making the bed temperature rise slowly; Buried loose, its internal oxygen is sufficient, microbial activity is strong, warming up quickly, not only the temperature duration is short, but also with the brewing material rot, resulting in uneven bed surface; if the brewing material content is insufficient, fermentation is not complete, then Bed soil temperature rises slowly. 2. Heater heating. The special electric heating wire is laid in the soil to increase the ground temperature, which is easy to install and withdraw, and has high thermal efficiency. The use of temperature control can be more accurate temperature control, used for seedbeds, especially in the cutting bed such as carnations; but the power consumption, and the short life of the electric hotline; electric heating wire specifications are more common The root is 60～160m long, 400～1100w; the electric heating wire is laid at a depth of 10cm below the ground, the line interval is 12～18cm, the middle can be thinner, and the edge should be denser; in the south of the Yangtze River, 80～110w per square meter is laid Hotline, can increase the temperature of 15 ~ 25 °C. 3. Hot air heating. There are hot air furnaces (coal, fuel, electric stove) and steam heating two. The hot blast stove is suitable for greenhouses, and the steam heating is mostly used for greenhouses with concentrated heating. The hot blast stove has short pipelines, short warm-up time, rapid heating, and thermal efficiency as high as 70% to 80%; therefore, hot air heating of greenhouses is widely used, for example, 75% of Japan's heated greenhouses are heated by hot air. Ordinary hot blast stoves are small, simple, and inexpensive; if hot blast stoves are installed in greenhouses, they should be replenished with fresh indoor air, but the duration of hot blast stove heating is short. Once the heating stops due to failure, the interior temperature will be sharpened. decline. 4. Hot water heating. Multi-purpose boilers heat hot water, pipes are sent out, and they circulate back and forth. With good thermal stability, uniform temperature distribution, safe and reliable use, and large heating capacity, it is often used in large and medium-sized greenhouses. The biggest advantage is the unexpected shutdown, the residual heat can maintain room temperature for a period of time. Hot water heating is the only way to warm up the hot air after the greenhouse and greenhouse heating facilities in the world. 5. Heat the stove. The use of underground furnaces or iron stoves, firewood, coal, etc., through a flue or direct open flame heating, has the characteristics of cheap fuel, simple equipment, and easy installation. The heating of the stove is mainly used for the short-term heating of greenhouse greenhouses; but the operation is more laborious, and the temperature is not easy to control, especially the open flame heating can also produce harmful gases 6. Steam heating. The use of boilers to produce steam and send them into the greenhouse with pipes, the heat is twice the water temperature, and is often used in greenhouse greenhouses with large areas, but the equipment costs are high. 7. Waste heat and geothermal heating. Waste heat refers to the use of waste water and waste steam from industrial and mining companies such as power plants, oil refineries, chemical plants, etc. Greenhouse greenhouses use waste heat to save energy, have good economic benefits, and should be used as much as possible. Where there are geothermal (hot spring) conditions, geothermal heating can be used to warm greenhouses in greenhouses; it is also possible to use manure, rice straw, branches and leaves buried in the soil to promote heat production by fermentation. High-yielding, disease-resistant, medium-early-maturing corn new variety--"Denghai l"
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