Scientists have discovered key factors in canceration
Everyone has a mole, which is made up of melanocytes in the skin or melanin secreted by melanocytes.痣 is a benign tumor. Previous studies have shown that mutations in the BRAF gene cause melanocyte expansion. However, the mechanism by which this cell accumulation terminates has not been explored. Recently, researchers at the University of Pennsylvania's Perelman School of Medicine identified an important genetic factor, p15, that regulates the function of sputum cells to maintain a benign, non-growth state. BRAF mutations result in the growth of sputum cells while regulating the expression of the tumor suppressor protein p15. If the inhibition of p15 disappears, cell division continues, which will result in the conversion of normal sputum into melanoma. The researchers constructed a special model of human melanoma: inhibiting the expression of p15 in melanocytes, and simultaneously mutating important factors in other melanoma formation, and transplanting the genetically engineered skin tissue into the experimental mice by tissue engineering. It was found that when the p15 protein was no longer expressed, the melanocytes became cancerous and developed into melanoma. The highlight of the study is the combination of medicine, the placement of melanocytes in a three-dimensional and live state, which can be used for functional studies. 痣 reasons for stopping growth Both sputum and melanoma are derived from cells that secrete melanin on the skin. Scientists have been studying for decades, and mutations in the BRFA gene cause melanocyte expansion, resulting in most benign sputum and very few malignant melanomas. Normal sputum, when the melanocyte population reaches a few millimeters, the cells stop expanding. Why is this? The field of research has been confusing for a long time. To find out, the researchers studied the normal benign sputum melanocytes and melanoma melanocytes on the skin of the patients, and used melanocytes on normal skin without sputum as a blank control. The study found that the p15 content of sputum melanocytes was 140 times higher than that of normal skin melanocytes. The cancerous melanocytes have very few p15, even without p15. This means that p15 plays an important role in regulating the benign or malignant sputum, and the sudden down-regulation of p15 leads to carcinogenesis of melanocytes. Overexpression of the BRAF gene causes the sputum cells to secrete a signaling molecule, TGF-β, which regulates p15 feedback. Combining these findings, hypotheses are made for the reason for the cessation of sputum expansion: most sputum secretes a suitable amount of TGF-β to terminate cell division after reaching a diameter of at least a few millimeters. P15 - the "culprit" of cancer Many researchers have been focusing on another related tumor suppressor protein, p16, which inhibits the growth of sputum cells. The gene encoding p16 is similar in physical distance to the gene encoding p15. A decrease in the amount of p15 expression in the cells results in canceration of melanocytes. Despite the same function of the two tumor suppressor proteins, the researchers recently found that p15 also has specific functions, such as the expression of p15 in normal cells, which can completely terminate cell division. And p16 just slows down the split speed. This also indicates that p15 also contains other functions, but it has been ignored. The researchers plan to conduct in-depth research on the establishment of tests and models for the spread of melanoma, and combine the results of the research into medical treatment . The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has published the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act (DSHEA), which provides for dietary supplements. A product (other than tobacco) intended to supplement the diet may contain one or more of the following dietary ingredients: A vitamin, a mineral, an herb (herbal) or other plant, an amino acid, a food component used to increase the total daily intake to supplement the diet, or a concentrate, metabolite, component, extract or combination of the above ingredients, etc. It also includes approved new drugs, vitamins or biologics that have been marketed as dietary supplements or food products before they are approved, issued or licensed. The DSHEA defines dietary supplements as their composition and labeling requirements: the product form may be pill, capsule, tablet or liquid; The product shall not be used as a substitute for ordinary foods or as an exclusive dietary item. The product shall be labeled as a "dietary supplement". Dietary Supplements,Arachidonic Acid Powder,Kava Root Powder,Kava Root Extract Powder Xi'an Double H Health Technology Co., Ltd , https://www.xadoubleh.com